std::ranges::find_last, std::ranges::find_last_if, std::ranges::find_last_if_not
在标头 <algorithm> 定义 | ||
调用签名 | ||
(1) | ||
template<std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, class T, | (C++23 起) (C++26 前) | |
template<std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj =std::identity, | (C++26 起) | |
(2) | ||
template<ranges::forward_range R, class T, | (C++23 起) (C++26 前) | |
template<ranges::forward_range R, class Proj =std::identity, | (C++26 起) | |
template<std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj =std::identity, | (3) | (C++23 起) |
template<ranges::forward_range R, class Proj =std::identity, | (4) | (C++23 起) |
template<std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj =std::identity, | (5) | (C++23 起) |
template<ranges::forward_range R, class Proj =std::identity, | (6) | (C++23 起) |
返回范围 [
first,
last)
中符合特定条件的最后一个元素:
find_last
搜索等于 value 的元素。find_last_if
搜索范围 [
first,
last)
中谓词 pred 为之返回 true 的最后一个元素。find_last_if_not
搜索范围 [
first,
last)
中谓词 pred 为之返回 false 的最后一个元素。此页面上描述的函数式实体是算法函数对象(非正式地称为 niebloid),即:
目录 |
[编辑]参数
first, last | - | 要检验的元素范围的迭代器-哨位对 |
r | - | 要检查的元素的范围 |
value | - | 和元素进行比较的值 |
pred | - | 应用到投影后元素的谓词 |
proj | - | 应用到元素的投影 |
[编辑]返回值
i
是 [
first,
last)
范围内使得 E 是 true 的最后一个迭代器。[编辑]复杂度
最多应用 last - first 次谓词和投影。
[编辑]注解
如果 ranges::find_last
、ranges::find_last_if
、ranges::find_last_if_not
的 I 为 bidirectional_iterator
或(更好的)random_access_iterator
,则它们在通用实现上的效率更高。
功能特性测试宏 | 值 | 标准 | 功能特性 |
---|---|---|---|
__cpp_lib_ranges_find_last | 202207L | (C++23) | ranges::find_last ,ranges::find_last_if ,ranges::find_last_if_not |
__cpp_lib_algorithm_default_value_type | 202403L | (C++26) | 算法的列表初始化(1,2) |
[编辑]可能的实现
这个实现只展示 I
为 forward_iterator
时较慢的算法。
find_last (1,2) |
---|
struct find_last_fn {template<std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj =std::identity, class T = std::projected_value_t<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> requires std::indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to, std::projected<I, Proj>, const T*>constexprranges::subrange<I> operator()(I first, S last, const T &value, Proj proj ={})const{// 注意:如果 I 只是 forward_iterator,那么只能从头走到尾。std::optional<I> found;for(; first != last;++first)if(std::invoke(proj, *first)== value) found = first; if(!found)return{first, first}; return{*found, std::ranges::next(*found, last)};} template<ranges::forward_range R, class Proj =std::identity, class T = std::projected_value_t<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> requires std::indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to, std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>, const T*>constexprranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R> operator()(R&& r, const T &value, Proj proj ={})const{return this->operator()(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), value, std::ref(proj));}}; inlineconstexpr find_last_fn find_last; |
find_last_if (3,4) |
struct find_last_if_fn {template<std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj =std::identity, std::indirect_unary_predicate<std::projected<I, Proj>> Pred>constexprranges::subrange<I> operator()(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj ={})const{// 注意:如果 I 只是 forward_iterator,那么只能从头走到尾。std::optional<I> found;for(; first != last;++first)if(std::invoke(pred, std::invoke(proj, *first))) found = first; if(!found)return{first, first}; return{*found, std::ranges::next(*found, last)};} template<ranges::forward_range R, class Proj =std::identity, std::indirect_unary_predicate<std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred>constexprranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R> operator()(R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj ={})const{return this->operator()(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), std::ref(pred), std::ref(proj));}}; inlineconstexpr find_last_if_fn find_last_if; |
find_last_if_not (5,6) |
struct find_last_if_not_fn {template<std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj =std::identity, std::indirect_unary_predicate<std::projected<I, Proj>> Pred>constexprranges::subrange<I> operator()(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj ={})const{// 注意:如果 I 只是 forward_iterator,那么只能从头走到尾。std::optional<I> found;for(; first != last;++first)if(!std::invoke(pred, std::invoke(proj, *first))) found = first; if(!found)return{first, first}; return{*found, std::ranges::next(*found, last)};} template<ranges::forward_range R, class Proj =std::identity, std::indirect_unary_predicate<std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred>constexprranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R> operator()(R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj ={})const{return this->operator()(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), std::ref(pred), std::ref(proj));}}; inlineconstexpr find_last_if_not_fn find_last_if_not; |
[编辑]示例
#include <algorithm>#include <cassert>#include <forward_list>#include <iomanip>#include <iostream>#include <string_view> int main(){namespace ranges = std::ranges; constexprstaticauto v ={1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2}; {constexprauto i1 = ranges::find_last(v.begin(), v.end(), 3);constexprauto i2 = ranges::find_last(v, 3); static_assert(ranges::distance(v.begin(), i1.begin())==5); static_assert(ranges::distance(v.begin(), i2.begin())==5);}{constexprauto i1 = ranges::find_last(v.begin(), v.end(), -3);constexprauto i2 = ranges::find_last(v, -3); static_assert(i1.begin()== v.end()); static_assert(i2.begin()== v.end());} auto abs =[](int x){return x <0?-x : x;}; {auto pred =[](int x){return x ==3;};constexprauto i1 = ranges::find_last_if(v.begin(), v.end(), pred, abs);constexprauto i2 = ranges::find_last_if(v, pred, abs); static_assert(ranges::distance(v.begin(), i1.begin())==5); static_assert(ranges::distance(v.begin(), i2.begin())==5);}{auto pred =[](int x){return x ==-3;};constexprauto i1 = ranges::find_last_if(v.begin(), v.end(), pred, abs);constexprauto i2 = ranges::find_last_if(v, pred, abs); static_assert(i1.begin()== v.end()); static_assert(i2.begin()== v.end());} {auto pred =[](int x){return x ==1 or x ==2;};constexprauto i1 = ranges::find_last_if_not(v.begin(), v.end(), pred, abs);constexprauto i2 = ranges::find_last_if_not(v, pred, abs); static_assert(ranges::distance(v.begin(), i1.begin())==5); static_assert(ranges::distance(v.begin(), i2.begin())==5);}{auto pred =[](int x){return x ==1 or x ==2 or x ==3;};constexprauto i1 = ranges::find_last_if_not(v.begin(), v.end(), pred, abs);constexprauto i2 = ranges::find_last_if_not(v, pred, abs); static_assert(i1.begin()== v.end()); static_assert(i2.begin()== v.end());} using P =std::pair<std::string_view, int>;std::forward_list<P> list {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}, {"one", 4}, {"two", 5}, {"three", 6}, };auto cmp_one =[](conststd::string_view&s){return s =="one";}; // 寻找满足比较器的最后一个元素,其按 pair::first 投影constauto subrange = ranges::find_last_if(list, cmp_one, &P::first); std::cout<<"所找到的元素和其后的尾部为:\n";for(P const& e : subrange)std::cout<<'{'<<std::quoted(e.first)<<", "<< e.second<<"} ";std::cout<<'\n'; #if __cpp_lib_algorithm_default_value_typeconstauto i3 = ranges::find_last(list, {"three", 3});// (2) C++26#elseconstauto i3 = ranges::find_last(list, P{"three", 3});// (2) C++23#endifassert(i3.begin()->first =="three"&& i3.begin()->second ==3);}
输出:
所找到的元素和其后的尾部为: {"one", 4} {"two", 5} {"three", 6}
[编辑]参阅
(C++20) | 查找元素序列在特定范围中最后一次出现 (算法函数对象) |
(C++20)(C++20)(C++20) | 查找首个满足特定条件的元素 (算法函数对象) |
(C++20) | 搜索元素范围的首次出现 (算法函数对象) |
(C++20) | 当一个序列是另一个的子序列时返回 true (算法函数对象) |
(C++20) | 判断元素是否在偏序范围中 (算法函数对象) |
(C++23)(C++23) | 检查范围是否包含给定元素或子范围 (算法函数对象) |