std::ranges::find_last, std::ranges::find_last_if, std::ranges::find_last_if_not

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< cpp‎ | algorithm‎ | ranges
 
 
算法库
受约束算法及范围上的算法(C++20)
包含算法例如 ranges::copy, ranges::sort, ...
执行策略 (C++17)
排序和相关操作
划分操作
排序操作
二分搜索操作(在已划分范围上)
集合操作(在有序范围上)
归并操作(在有序范围上)
堆操作
最小/最大操作
(C++11)
(C++17)
字典序比较操作
排列操作
C 库

数值运算
(C++11)                       
在未初始化内存上的操作
 
受约束算法
本菜单中的所有名字均属于命名空间 std::ranges
不修改序列的操作
修改序列的操作
划分操作
排序操作
二分搜索操作(在有序范围上)
       
       
集合操作(在有序范围上)
堆操作
最小/最大操作
排列操作
折叠操作
数值操作
(C++23)            
未初始化存储上的操作
返回类型
 
在标头 <algorithm> 定义
调用签名
(1)
template<std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S,

          class T,
          class Proj =std::identity>
requires std::indirect_binary_predicate
             <ranges::equal_to, std::projected<I, Proj>, const T*>
constexprranges::subrange<I>

    find_last( I first, S last, const T& value, Proj proj ={});
(C++23 起)
(C++26 前)
template<std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S,

          class Proj =std::identity,
          class T = std::projected_value_t<I, Proj>>
requires std::indirect_binary_predicate
             <ranges::equal_to, std::projected<I, Proj>, const T*>
constexprranges::subrange<I>

    find_last( I first, S last, const T& value, Proj proj ={});
(C++26 起)
(2)
template<ranges::forward_range R,

          class T,
          class Proj =std::identity>
requires std::indirect_binary_predicate
             <ranges::equal_to,
              std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>, const T*>
constexprranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R>

    find_last( R&& r, const T& value, Proj proj ={});
(C++23 起)
(C++26 前)
template<ranges::forward_range R,

          class Proj =std::identity,
          class T = std::projected_value_t<iterator_t<R>, Proj>>
requires std::indirect_binary_predicate
             <ranges::equal_to,
              std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>, const T*>
constexprranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R>

    find_last( R&& r, const T& value, Proj proj ={});
(C++26 起)
template<std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S,

          class Proj =std::identity,
          std::indirect_unary_predicate<std::projected<I, Proj>> Pred >
constexprranges::subrange<I>

    find_last_if( I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj ={});
(3) (C++23 起)
template<ranges::forward_range R,

          class Proj =std::identity,
          std::indirect_unary_predicate
              <std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred >
constexprranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R>

    find_last_if( R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj ={});
(4) (C++23 起)
template<std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S,

          class Proj =std::identity,
          std::indirect_unary_predicate<std::projected<I, Proj>> Pred >
constexprranges::subrange<I>

    find_last_if_not( I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj ={});
(5) (C++23 起)
template<ranges::forward_range R,

          class Proj =std::identity,
          std::indirect_unary_predicate
              <std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred >
constexprranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R>

    find_last_if_not( R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj ={});
(6) (C++23 起)

返回范围 [firstlast) 中符合特定条件的最后一个元素:

1)find_last 搜索等于 value 的元素。
3)find_last_if 搜索范围 [firstlast) 中谓词 pred 为之返回 true 的最后一个元素。
5)find_last_if_not 搜索范围 [firstlast) 中谓词 pred 为之返回 false 的最后一个元素。
2,4,6)(1,3,5) 相同,但使用 r 作为源范围,就像使用 ranges::begin(r) 作为 firstranges::end(r) 作为 last 一样。

此页面上描述的函数式实体是算法函数对象(非正式地称为 niebloid),即:

目录

[编辑]参数

first, last - 要检验的元素范围的迭代器-哨位对
r - 要检查的元素的范围
value - 和元素进行比较的值
pred - 应用到投影后元素的谓词
proj - 应用到元素的投影

[编辑]返回值

1,2,3)i[firstlast) 范围内使得 Etrue 的最后一个迭代器。
返回 ranges::subrange<I>{i, last},如果不存在这样的迭代器,则返回 ranges::subrange<I>{last, last}
1)Ebool(std::invoke(proj, *i)== value)
3)Ebool(std::invoke(pred, std::invoke(proj, *i)))
5)Ebool(!std::invoke(pred, std::invoke(proj, *i)))
2,4,6)(1,3,5) 类似,但是返回值类型是 ranges::borrowed_subrange_t<I>

[编辑]复杂度

最多应用 last - first 次谓词和投影。

[编辑]注解

如果 ranges::find_lastranges::find_last_ifranges::find_last_if_notIbidirectional_iterator 或(更好的)random_access_iterator,则它们在通用实现上的效率更高。

功能特性测试标准功能特性
__cpp_lib_ranges_find_last202207L(C++23)ranges::find_last
ranges::find_last_if
ranges::find_last_if_not
__cpp_lib_algorithm_default_value_type202403L(C++26)算法的列表初始化(1,2)

[编辑]可能的实现

这个实现只展示 Iforward_iterator 时较慢的算法。

find_last (1,2)
struct find_last_fn {template<std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj =std::identity, class T = std::projected_value_t<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> requires std::indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to, std::projected<I, Proj>, const T*>constexprranges::subrange<I> operator()(I first, S last, const T &value, Proj proj ={})const{// 注意:如果 I 只是 forward_iterator,那么只能从头走到尾。std::optional<I> found;for(; first != last;++first)if(std::invoke(proj, *first)== value) found = first;   if(!found)return{first, first};   return{*found, std::ranges::next(*found, last)};}   template<ranges::forward_range R, class Proj =std::identity, class T = std::projected_value_t<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> requires std::indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to, std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>, const T*>constexprranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R> operator()(R&& r, const T &value, Proj proj ={})const{return this->operator()(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), value, std::ref(proj));}};   inlineconstexpr find_last_fn find_last;
find_last_if (3,4)
struct find_last_if_fn {template<std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj =std::identity, std::indirect_unary_predicate<std::projected<I, Proj>> Pred>constexprranges::subrange<I> operator()(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj ={})const{// 注意:如果 I 只是 forward_iterator,那么只能从头走到尾。std::optional<I> found;for(; first != last;++first)if(std::invoke(pred, std::invoke(proj, *first))) found = first;   if(!found)return{first, first};   return{*found, std::ranges::next(*found, last)};}   template<ranges::forward_range R, class Proj =std::identity, std::indirect_unary_predicate<std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred>constexprranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R> operator()(R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj ={})const{return this->operator()(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), std::ref(pred), std::ref(proj));}};   inlineconstexpr find_last_if_fn find_last_if;
find_last_if_not (5,6)
struct find_last_if_not_fn {template<std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj =std::identity, std::indirect_unary_predicate<std::projected<I, Proj>> Pred>constexprranges::subrange<I> operator()(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj ={})const{// 注意:如果 I 只是 forward_iterator,那么只能从头走到尾。std::optional<I> found;for(; first != last;++first)if(!std::invoke(pred, std::invoke(proj, *first))) found = first;   if(!found)return{first, first};   return{*found, std::ranges::next(*found, last)};}   template<ranges::forward_range R, class Proj =std::identity, std::indirect_unary_predicate<std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred>constexprranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R> operator()(R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj ={})const{return this->operator()(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), std::ref(pred), std::ref(proj));}};   inlineconstexpr find_last_if_not_fn find_last_if_not;

[编辑]示例

#include <algorithm>#include <cassert>#include <forward_list>#include <iomanip>#include <iostream>#include <string_view>   int main(){namespace ranges = std::ranges;   constexprstaticauto v ={1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2};   {constexprauto i1 = ranges::find_last(v.begin(), v.end(), 3);constexprauto i2 = ranges::find_last(v, 3); static_assert(ranges::distance(v.begin(), i1.begin())==5); static_assert(ranges::distance(v.begin(), i2.begin())==5);}{constexprauto i1 = ranges::find_last(v.begin(), v.end(), -3);constexprauto i2 = ranges::find_last(v, -3); static_assert(i1.begin()== v.end()); static_assert(i2.begin()== v.end());}   auto abs =[](int x){return x <0?-x : x;};   {auto pred =[](int x){return x ==3;};constexprauto i1 = ranges::find_last_if(v.begin(), v.end(), pred, abs);constexprauto i2 = ranges::find_last_if(v, pred, abs); static_assert(ranges::distance(v.begin(), i1.begin())==5); static_assert(ranges::distance(v.begin(), i2.begin())==5);}{auto pred =[](int x){return x ==-3;};constexprauto i1 = ranges::find_last_if(v.begin(), v.end(), pred, abs);constexprauto i2 = ranges::find_last_if(v, pred, abs); static_assert(i1.begin()== v.end()); static_assert(i2.begin()== v.end());}   {auto pred =[](int x){return x ==1 or x ==2;};constexprauto i1 = ranges::find_last_if_not(v.begin(), v.end(), pred, abs);constexprauto i2 = ranges::find_last_if_not(v, pred, abs); static_assert(ranges::distance(v.begin(), i1.begin())==5); static_assert(ranges::distance(v.begin(), i2.begin())==5);}{auto pred =[](int x){return x ==1 or x ==2 or x ==3;};constexprauto i1 = ranges::find_last_if_not(v.begin(), v.end(), pred, abs);constexprauto i2 = ranges::find_last_if_not(v, pred, abs); static_assert(i1.begin()== v.end()); static_assert(i2.begin()== v.end());}   using P =std::pair<std::string_view, int>;std::forward_list<P> list {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}, {"one", 4}, {"two", 5}, {"three", 6}, };auto cmp_one =[](conststd::string_view&s){return s =="one";};   // 寻找满足比较器的最后一个元素,其按 pair::first 投影constauto subrange = ranges::find_last_if(list, cmp_one, &P::first);   std::cout<<"所找到的元素和其后的尾部为:\n";for(P const& e : subrange)std::cout<<'{'<<std::quoted(e.first)<<", "<< e.second<<"} ";std::cout<<'\n';   #if __cpp_lib_algorithm_default_value_typeconstauto i3 = ranges::find_last(list, {"three", 3});// (2) C++26#elseconstauto i3 = ranges::find_last(list, P{"three", 3});// (2) C++23#endifassert(i3.begin()->first =="three"&& i3.begin()->second ==3);}

输出:

所找到的元素和其后的尾部为: {"one", 4} {"two", 5} {"three", 6}

[编辑]参阅

查找元素序列在特定范围中最后一次出现
(算法函数对象)[编辑]
查找首个满足特定条件的元素
(算法函数对象)[编辑]
搜索元素范围的首次出现
(算法函数对象)[编辑]
当一个序列是另一个的子序列时返回 true
(算法函数对象)[编辑]
判断元素是否在偏序范围中
(算法函数对象)[编辑]
检查范围是否包含给定元素或子范围
(算法函数对象)[编辑]
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