std::optional<T>::transform

 

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std::optional

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optional::optional

optional::~optional

optional::operator=

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optional::operator->optional::operator*

optional::operator booloptional::has_value

optional::value

optional::value_or

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optional::begin (C++26)

optional::end (C++26)

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optional::and_then (C++23)

optional::transform (C++23)

optional::or_else (C++23)

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optional::emplace

optional::swap

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operator==operator!=operator<operator<=operator>operator>=operator<=> (C++20)

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swap(std::optional)

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template<class F > constexprauto transform( F&& f )&;	(1)	(since C++23)
template<class F > constexprauto transform( F&& f )const&;	(2)	(since C++23)
template<class F > constexprauto transform( F&& f )&&;	(3)	(since C++23)
template<class F > constexprauto transform( F&& f )const&&;	(4)	(since C++23)

If *this contains a value, invokes f with the contained value as an argument, and returns an std::optional that contains the result of that invocation; otherwise, returns an empty std::optional.

The type of contained value in the result (denoted by U below) must be a non-array object type, and must not be std::in_place_t or std::nullopt_t). Otherwise, the program is ill-formed.

1) Let U be std::remove_cv_t<std::invoke_result_t<F, T&>>. If *this contains a value, returns a std::optional<U> whose contained value is direct-initialized from std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this) (unlike and_then(), which must return an std::optional directly). Otherwise, returns an empty std::optional<U>.
The program is ill-formed if the variable definition U x(std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this)); is ill-formed.

2) Same as (1), except that U is std::remove_cv_t<std::invoke_result_t<F, const T&>>.

3) Let U be std::remove_cv_t<std::invoke_result_t<F, T>>. If *this contains a value, returns a std::optional<U> whose contained value is direct-initialized from std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this)). Otherwise, returns an empty std::optional<U>.
The program is ill-formed if the variable definition U x(std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this))); is ill-formed.

4) Same as (3), except that U is std::remove_cv_t<std::invoke_result_t<F, const T>>.

Parameters

f

-

a suitable function or Callable object whose call signature returns a non-reference type

Return value

An std::optional containing the result of f or an empty std::optional, as described above.

Notes

Because transform directly constructs a U object at the right location, rather than passing it to a constructor, std::is_move_constructible_v<U> can be false.

As the callable f can't return a reference type, it cannot be a pointer to data member.

Some languages call this operation map.

Feature-test macro	Value	Std	Feature
__cpp_lib_optional	202110L	(C++23)	Monadic operations in std::optional

Example

Run this code

#include <iostream>#include <optional>   struct A {/* ... */};struct B {/* ... */};struct C {/* ... */};struct D {/* ... */};   auto A_to_B(A)-> B {/* ... */std::cout<<"A => B \n";return{};}auto B_to_C(B)-> C {/* ... */std::cout<<"B => C \n";return{};}auto C_to_D(C)-> D {/* ... */std::cout<<"C => D \n";return{};}   void try_transform_A_to_D(std::optional<A> o_A){std::cout<<(o_A ?"o_A has a value\n":"o_A is empty\n");   std::optional<D> o_D = o_A.transform(A_to_B) .transform(B_to_C) .transform(C_to_D);   std::cout<<(o_D ?"o_D has a value\n\n":"o_D is empty\n\n");};   int main(){ try_transform_A_to_D( A{}); try_transform_A_to_D({});}

Output:

o_A has a value A => B B => C C => D o_D has a value   o_A is empty o_D is empty

See also

value_or	returns the contained value if available, another value otherwise (public member function)
and_then (C++23)	returns the result of the given function on the contained value if it exists, or an empty optional otherwise (public member function)
or_else (C++23)	returns the optional itself if it contains a value, or the result of the given function otherwise (public member function)