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1996 in spaceflight

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1996 in spaceflight
The first Long March 3B, carrying Intelsat 708, goes off-course immediately after launch. The rocket later came down over a village, reportedly killing several to hundred on the ground
Orbital launches
First11 January
Last24 December
Total77
Successes69
Failures4
Partial failures4
Catalogued73
National firsts
Satellite Malaysia
Rockets
Maiden flightsAriane 5G
J-I
Long March 3B
Crewed flights
Orbital9
Total travellers49
1996 in spaceflight
← 1995
1997 →

This article outlines notable events occurring in 1996 in spaceflight, including major launches and EVAs.

Intelsat 708 launch failure

[edit]

Orbital launches

[edit]
Date and time (UTC) RocketFlight number Launch siteLSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat)
Operator OrbitFunction Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks

January

[edit]
11 January
09:41
United StatesSpace Shuttle EndeavourUnited StatesKennedyLC-39BUnited StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-72NASALow EarthSatellite retrieval20 January
07:41
Successful
United StatesOAST-FlyerNASA Low Earth Technology development
Crewed orbital flight with six astronauts
Retrieved Space Flyer Unit
12 January
23:10
FranceAriane 4 (44L) FranceKourouELA-2FranceArianespace
United StatesPAS-3RPanAmSatGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
MalaysiaMeasat-1BinariangGeosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Measat-1 is the first Malaysian satellite
14 January
11:10
United StatesDelta II 7925 United StatesCape CanaveralLC-17BUnited StatesBoeing IDS
South KoreaKoreasat-2Korea TelecomCurrent: Graveyard
Operational: Geosynchronous
CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
Koreasat-2 retired on 8 April 2000
16 January
15:33
RussiaKosmos-3MRussiaPlesetskSite 132/1Russia
RussiaKosmos 2327 (Parus) MO RFLow Earth NavigationIn orbitOperational
25 January
09:56
RussiaProton-K/DM-2KazakhstanBaikonurSite 200/39Russia
RussiaGorizont 31MOMGeosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful

February

[edit]
1 February
01:15
United StatesAtlas IIAS United StatesCape Canaveral LC-36BUnited StatesRussiaInternational Launch Services
IndonesiaPalapa C1Telkom IndonesiaGeosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
5 February
07:19
FranceAriane 4 (44P) FranceKourou ELA-2 FranceArianespace
JapanN-STAR bNTTGeosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
14 February
19:01
ChinaLong March 3BChinaTaiyuan LC-2 ChinaCASC
United NationsIntelsat 708IntelsatIntended: Geosynchronous Communications+22 secondsLaunch Failure
Maiden flight of Long March 3B
Loss of control at T+2 seconds, exploded 20 seconds later; Six to hundred fatalities on the ground
17 February
20:43
United StatesDelta II 7925-8 United StatesCape Canaveral LC-17B United StatesBoeing IDS
United StatesNEARNASA Erosian
via Heliocentric
Asteroid probe12 February 2001
20:01
Successful
Flyby of 253 Mathilde, entered orbit around and landed on 433 Eros; First probe to orbit and land on an asteroid
Final contact received on 28 February 2001, and unsuccessfully attempted on 10 December 2002
19 February
00:58
UkraineTsyklon-3RussiaPlesetsk Site 32Russia
RussiaGonets-D1RoskosmosLow Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
RussiaGonets-D1 Roskosmos Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
RussiaGonets-D1 Roskosmos Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
RussiaKosmos 2328 (Strela-3) MO RF Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
RussiaKosmos 2329 (Strela-3) MO RF Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
RussiaKosmos 2330 (Strela-3) MO RF Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
19 February
08:19
RussiaProton-K/DM-2 KazakhstanBaikonur Site 200/39 Russia
RussiaRaduga 44LMOM Intended: Geosynchronous
Actual: Geosynchronous transfer
CommunicationsIn orbitLaunch Failure
Upper stage failed to ignite for second burn due to blocked valve
21 February
12:34
RussiaSoyuz-UKazakhstanBaikonur Site 1/5RussiaRoskosmos
RussiaSoyuz TM-23Roskosmos Low Earth (Mir) Mir EO-212 September
07:41
Successful
Crewed orbital flight with two cosmonauts
22 February
20:18
United StatesSpace Shuttle ColumbiaUnited StatesKennedy LC-39B United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-75NASA Low Earth USMP-39 March
13:58
Successful
United StatesTSS-1RNASA Low Earth Tether satellite19 MarchFailure
United StatesEDO PalletNASA Low Earth (Columbia) Cryogenic mission extension pallet9 March
13:58
Successful
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts
TSS-1R tether snapped during deployment; Intended to be returned to Earth by Columbia, but could not be recovered
24 February
11:24
United StatesDelta II 7925-10 United StatesVandenbergSLC-2WUnited StatesBoeing IDS
United StatesPolarNASA High Earth (elliptical)Auroral researchIn orbitSuccessful
Mission concluded in April 2008

March

[edit]
9 March
01:53
United StatesPegasus-XLUnited StatesStargazer, Vandenberg United StatesOrbital Sciences
United StatesREX 2US Air Force Low Earth Ionosphere researchIn orbitOperational
14 March
07:11
FranceAriane 4 (44LP) FranceKourou ELA-2 FranceArianespace
United NationsIntelsat 707Intelsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
14 March
17:40
RussiaSoyuz-U RussiaPlesetsk Site 43/4Russia
RussiaKosmos 2331 (Yantar-4K1) MOM Low Earth Reconnaissance11 JuneSuccessful
21 March
04:53
IndiaPSLVIndiaSriharikota FLP IndiaISRO
IndiaIRS-P3ISRO Sun-synchronousRemote sensingIn orbitSuccessful
22 March
08:13
United StatesSpace Shuttle AtlantisUnited StatesKennedy LC-39B United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-76NASA Low Earth (Mir) Shuttle-Mir flight31 March
13:28
Successful
United StatesSpaceHab LSMNASA/SpaceHabLow Earth (Atlantis) Logistics
Crewed orbital flight with six astronauts
28 March
00:21
United StatesDelta II 7925-9.5 United StatesCape Canaveral LC-17B United StatesBoeing IDS
United StatesUSA-117 (GPS IIA-16) US Air Force Medium EarthNavigationIn orbitOperational

April

[edit]
3 April
23:01
United StatesAtlas IIA United StatesCape Canaveral LC-36AUnited StatesRussiaInternational Launch Services
United KingdomInmarsat 3F1InmarsatGeosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
8 April
23:09
RussiaProton-K/DM-2MKazakhstanBaikonur Site 81/23United StatesRussiaInternational Launch Services
LuxembourgAstra 1FSES AstraGeosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
20 April
22:36
FranceAriane 4 (42P) FranceKourou ELA-2 FranceArianespace
CanadaMSAT-1TMIGeosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
21 April
11:48
RussiaProton-K KazakhstanBaikonur Site 81/23 RussiaRoskosmos
RussiaPrirodaRoskosmos Low Earth (Mir) Mir module23 March 2001
05:50
Successful
24 April
12:27
United StatesDelta II 7920-10 United StatesVandenberg SLC-2W United StatesBoeing IDS
United StatesMSXBMDOSun-synchronous Infrared astronomyIn orbitSuccessful
Member of the Space Surveillance Network
24 April
13:00
RussiaKosmos-3M RussiaPlesetsk Site 132/1 Russia
RussiaKosmos 2332 (Taifun) MO RF Low Earth Radar calibration28 January 2005Successful
24 April
23:37
United StatesTitan IVA (401)/CentaurUnited StatesCape Canaveral LC-41United StatesLockheed Martin
United StatesUSA-118 (Mercury-2) NROGeosynchronous ELINTIn orbitOperational
30 April
04:31
United StatesAtlas IUnited StatesCape Canaveral LC-36B United StatesRussiaInternational Launch Services
ItalyBeppoSAXASILow Earth X-ray astronomy30 April 2003Successful

May

[edit]
5 May
07:04
RussiaSoyuz-U KazakhstanBaikonur Site 1/5 RussiaRoskosmos
RussiaProgress M-31Roskosmos Low Earth (Mir) Logistics1 August
20:33
Successful
12 May
21:32
United StatesTitan IVA (403) United StatesVandenberg SLC-4EUnited StatesLockheed Martin
United StatesUSA-119 (NOSS 2–3) NRO Low Earth SIGINTIn orbitOperational
United StatesUSA-120 (NOSS 2–3) NRO Low Earth SIGINTIn orbitOperational
United StatesUSA-121 (NOSS 2–3) NRO Low Earth SIGINTIn orbitOperational
United StatesUSA-122 (NOSS 2–3) NRO Low Earth SIGINTIn orbitOperational
United StatesUSA-123 (TiPS) NRLLow Earth Space tether experimentIn orbitOperational
United StatesUSA-124 (TiPS) NRL Low Earth Space tether experimentIn orbitOperational
14 May
08:55
RussiaSoyuz-U KazakhstanBaikonur Site 31/6Russia
RussiaYantar-1KFTVKS Intended: Low Earth Reconnaissance+ 49 secondsLaunch Failure
Payload fairing disintegrated
16 May
01:56
FranceAriane 4 (44L) FranceKourou ELA-2 FranceArianespace
IndonesiaPalapa C2Telkom Indonesia Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
IsraelAMOS 1SpacecomGeosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
17 May
02:44
United StatesPegasus-HUnited StatesStargazer, Vandenberg United StatesOrbital Sciences
United StatesMSTI-3BMDO Low Earth Technology development11 December 1997Successful
19 May
10:30
United StatesSpace Shuttle EndeavourUnited StatesKennedy LC-39B United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-77NASA Low Earth Microgravity research29 May
11:10
Successful
United StatesSpaceHab LSM NASA/SpaceHab Low Earth (Endeavour) Scientific experiments
United StatesSPARTAN-207NASA Low Earth Technology demonstration
United StatesIAENASA Low Earth Technology demonstration22 MaySuccessful
United StatesPAMSNASA Low Earth Technology demonstration26 OctoberSuccessful
Crewed orbital flight with six astronauts
SPARTAN used to deploy the IAE satellite on 20 May; PAMS deployed on 22 May
24 May
01:09
United StatesDelta II 7925 United StatesCape Canaveral LC-17B United StatesBoeing IDS
United StatesGalaxy 9PanAmSat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
25 May
02:05
RussiaProton-K/DM-2 KazakhstanBaikonur Site 200/39 Russia
RussiaGorizont 32MOM Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational

June

[edit]
4 June
12:34
FranceAriane 5GFranceKourou ELA-3FranceArianespace
Cluster F1ESAIntended: High Earth (elliptical) Magnetosphere research+37 secondsLaunch Failure
Cluster F2 ESA Intended: High Earth (elliptical) Magnetosphere research
Cluster F3 ESA Intended: High Earth (elliptical) Magnetosphere research
Cluster F4 ESA Intended: High Earth (elliptical) Magnetosphere research
Maiden flight of Ariane 5G; Ariane 5 Flight 501
Programming error led to rocket going off course
15 June
06:55
FranceAriane 4 (44P) FranceKourou ELA-2 FranceArianespace
United NationsIntelsat 709Intelsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
20 June
14:49
United StatesSpace Shuttle ColumbiaUnited StatesKennedy LC-39B United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-78NASA Low Earth Microgravity research7 July
12:36
Successful
United StatesSpacelab Long Module 2NASA Low Earth (Columbia) Spacelab LMS-1
United StatesEDO Pallet NASA Low Earth (Columbia) Cryogenic mission extension pallet
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts
20 June
18:45
RussiaSoyuz-U RussiaPlesetsk Site 16/2Russia
RussiaYantar-4K1 VKS Intended: Low Earth Reconnaissance+50 secondsLaunch Failure
Payload fairing disintegrated

July

[edit]
2 July
07:48
United StatesPegasus-XL United StatesStargazer, Vandenberg United StatesOrbital Sciences
United StatesTOMS-EPNASA Low Earth Ozone mappingIn orbitOperational
3 July
00:31
United StatesTitan IVA (405) United StatesCape Canaveral LC-40Lockheed Martin
United StatesUSA-125 (SDS 2–4) US Air Force High Earth (elliptical) CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
3 July
10:47
ChinaLong March 3ChinaXichang LC-1 China
ChinaApstar 1AAPTGeosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
9 July
22:24
FranceAriane 4 (44L) FranceKourou ELA-2 FranceArianespace
Saudi ArabiaArabsat 2AArabsatGeosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
TurkeyTurksat 1CTürksatGeosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
16 July
00:50
United StatesDelta II 7925-9.5 United StatesCape Canaveral LC-17AUnited StatesBoeing IDS
United StatesUSA-126 (GPS IIA-17) US Air Force Medium Earth NavigationIn orbitOperational
25 July
12:42
United StatesAtlas IIUnited StatesCape Canaveral LC-36A United States
United StatesUSA-127 (UHF F/O F7) US Air Force Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
31 July
20:00
RussiaSoyuz-U KazakhstanBaikonur Site 1/5 RussiaRoskosmos
RussiaProgress M-32Roskosmos Low Earth (Mir) Logistics20 November
22:42
Successful

August

[edit]
8 August
22:49
FranceAriane 4 (44L) FranceKourou ELA-2 FranceArianespace
ItalyItalsat F2ASI Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
FranceTelecom 2DFrance TélécomGeosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
14 August
22:20
RussiaMolniya-MRussiaPlesetsk Site 43/3Russia
RussiaMolniya 1-89MOM MolniyaCommunications7 April 2012Successful
17 August
01:58
JapanH-IIJapanTanegashima LA-Y1JapanNASDA
JapanADEOS (Midori) NASDA Low Earth Atmospheric researchIn orbitOperational
JapanJAS-2 (Fuji-2) JARLLow Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
17 August
13:18
RussiaSoyuz-U KazakhstanBaikonur Site 1/5 RussiaRoskosmos
RussiaSoyuz TM-24Roskosmos Low Earth (Mir) Mir EO-222 March 1997
06:44
Successful
Crewed orbital flight with three cosmonauts
18 August
10:27
ChinaLong March 3 ChinaXichang LC-1 China
ChinaChinasat 7ChinasatIntended: Geosynchronous
Actual: High Earth (elliptical)
CommunicationsIn orbitLaunch Failure
Third stage failure left satellite in useless orbit
21 August
09:47
United StatesPegasus-XL United StatesStargazer, Vandenberg United StatesOrbital Sciences
United StatesFASTNASA Low Earth Magnetosphere researchIn orbitOperational
29 August
05:22
RussiaMolniya-M RussiaPlesetsk Site 43/3 Russia
ArgentinaMUSATCONAEMolniya Magnetosphere research12 November 1999Successful
RussiaInterbol 2Roskosmos Molniya Auroral researchIn orbitOperational
Czech RepublicMagion 5Molniya Auroral researchIn orbitSuccessful

September

[edit]
4 September
09:01
UkraineZenit-2KazakhstanBaikonur Site 45/1Russia
United StatesKosmos 2333 (Tselina-2) MO RF Low Earth ELINTIn orbitOperational
5 September
12:47
RussiaKosmos-3M RussiaPlesetsk Site 132/1 Russia
RussiaKosmos 2334 (Parus) MO RF Low Earth NavigationIn orbitOperational
MexicoOscar 30UNAMSATLow Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
6 September
17:37
RussiaProton-K/DM-2 KazakhstanBaikonur Site 81/23 United StatesRussiaInternational Launch Services
United KingdomInmarsat 3F2Inmarsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
8 September
21:49
United StatesAtlas IIA United StatesCape Canaveral LC-36B United StatesRussiaInternational Launch Services
United StatesGE 1GE AmericomGeosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
11 September
00:00
FranceAriane 4 (42P) FranceKourou ELA-2 FranceArianespace
United StatesEchostar IIEchoStarGeosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
Retired after malfunction on 14 July 2008[1]
12 September
08:49
United StatesDelta II 7925-9.5 United StatesCape Canaveral LC-17A United StatesBoeing IDS
United StatesUSA-128 (GPS IIA-18) US Air Force Medium Earth NavigationIn orbitOperational
16 September
08:54
United StatesSpace Shuttle AtlantisUnited StatesKennedy LC-39AUnited StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-79NASA Low Earth Shuttle-Mir flight26 September
12:13
Successful
United StatesSpaceHab LDM NASA/SpaceHab Low Earth (Atlantis) Logistics
Crewed orbital flight with six astronauts
26 September
17:50
RussiaProton-K/DM-2M KazakhstanBaikonur Site 200/39 Russia
RussiaEkspress-6RSCSCGeosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational

October

[edit]
20 October
07:20
ChinaLong March 2DChinaJiuquanChina
ChinaFSW-2-3CASC Low Earth Reconnaissance4 NovemberSuccessful
24 October
11:37
RussiaMolniya-M RussiaPlesetsk Site 43/4 Russia
RussiaMolniya 3–48MOM Molniya Communications18 October 2007
03:51
Successful

November

[edit]
4 November
17:08
United StatesPegasus-XL United StatesStargazer, Wallops Island United StatesOrbital Sciences
United StatesHETENASA Low Earth Astronomy7 April 2002Launch Failure
ArgentinaSAC-BCONAE Low Earth Technology development
Both payloads failed to separate from the launch vehicle and each other
7 November
17:00
United StatesDelta II 7925 United StatesCape Canaveral LC-17A United StatesBoeing IDS
United StatesMars Global SurveyorNASA AreocentricMarsorbiterIn orbitSuccessful
Contact lost on 2 November 2006 and mission declared complete on 10 January 2007 after numerous troubleshooting attempts to regain contact.
13 November
22:40
FranceAriane 4 (44L) FranceKourou ELA-2 FranceArianespace
Saudi ArabiaArabsat 2BArabsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
MalaysiaMeasat-2Binariang Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
16 November
20:48
RussiaProton-K/D-2KazakhstanBaikonur Site 200/39 RussiaVKS
RussiaMars 96 (Mars-8) VKS Intended: Areocentric
Actual: Low Earth
Mars orbiter17 NovemberFailure
Upper stage failed to re-ignite for Earth orbit departure; re-entered the following day
19 November
19:55
United StatesSpace Shuttle ColumbiaUnited StatesKennedy LC-39B United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-80NASA Low Earth Microgravity research7 December
11:49
Successful
United StatesORFEUS-SPASNASA Low Earth Ultraviolet astronomy
United StatesWake Shield FacilityNASA Low Earth Materials research
United StatesEDO Pallet NASA Low Earth (Columbia) Cryogenic mission extension pallet
Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts; All EVAs cancelled due to airlock malfunction; Longest-duration Space Shuttle flight in history[2]
Story Musgrave becomes the only American astronaut to fly on all five Space Shuttle orbiters[3]
ORFEUS-SPAS deployed on 20 November and retrieved on 4 December; WSF deployed on 22 November and retrieved on 26 November
19 November
23:20
RussiaSoyuz-U KazakhstanBaikonur Site 1/5 RussiaRoskosmos
RussiaProgress M-33Roskosmos Low Earth (Mir) Logistics12 March 1997
03:23
Partial Failure
Failed to redock after free-flight in February–March 1997
21 November
20:47
United StatesAtlas IIA United StatesCape Canaveral LC-36A United StatesRussiaInternational Launch Services
FranceHot Bird 2EutelsatGeosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational

December

[edit]
4 December
06:58
United StatesDelta II 7925 United StatesCape Canaveral LC-17B United StatesBoeing IDS
United StatesMars PathfinderNASA HeliocentricMars lander4 July 1997
16:57
Successful
United StatesSojournerNASA Heliocentric Mars rover
First Mars rover; landing site: Ares Vallis
Final contact with Sojourner received on 27 September 1997 and the mission was terminated on 10 March 1998
11 December
12:00
UkraineTsyklon-2KazakhstanBaikonur Site 90/20Russia
RussiaKosmos 2335 (EORSAT) MO RF Low Earth Reconnaissance1 January 1999Successful
18 December
01:57
United StatesAtlas IIA United StatesCape Canaveral LC-36B United StatesRussiaInternational Launch Services
United KingdomInmarsat 3F3Inmarsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
20 December
06:43
RussiaKosmos-3M RussiaPlesetsk Site 132/1 Russia
RussiaKosmos 2336 (Parus) MO RF Low Earth NavigationIn orbitOperational
20 December
18:04
United StatesTitan IVA (404) United StatesVandenberg SLC-4E United StatesLockheed Martin
United StatesUSA-129 (KH-12) NRO Low Earth ReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
NRO Launch 2
24 December
13:50
RussiaSoyuz-U RussiaPlesetsk Site 43/4 RussiaRoskosmos
RussiaBion 11Roskosmos Low Earth Biological research7 January 1997Successful

Suborbital launches

[edit]
Date and time (UTC) RocketFlight number Launch siteLSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat)
Operator OrbitFunction Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks

January-March

[edit]
10 JanuaryChinaDF-21ChinaTaiyuanChina
SuborbitalMissile test10 JanuarySuccessful
27 JanuaryIndiaPrithvi IIIndiaBalasoreIndiaDRDO
DRDO Suborbital Missile test27 JanuarySuccessful
Maiden flight of Prithvi II missile
11 February
23:00
JapanS-310JapanUchinoura LA-K JapanISAS
JapanNTV-1ISAS Suborbital Aeronomy research11 FebruarySuccessful
11 February
23:00
JapanJ-IJapanTanegashima LA-N JapanNASDA
JapanHYFLEXNASDA Suborbital Test flight11 FebruarySuccessful
Only flight of J-I
23 February
19:17
CanadaBlack Brant IXUnited StatesWhite Sands LC-36 United StatesNASA
NASA Suborbital Technology development23 FebruarySuccessful
23 February
19:44
CanadaBlack Brant IX United StatesWhite Sands LC-36 United StatesNASA
NASA Suborbital Ionosphere research23 FebruarySuccessful
2 March
10:00
United KingdomSkylark 7SwedenEsrange Area S GermanyDLR
GermanyTEXUS 34DASASuborbital Microgravity research2 MarchSuccessful
6 March
03:35
CanadaBlack Brant IX United StatesWhite Sands United StatesNASA
NASA Suborbital Astronomy6 MarchSuccessful
6 March
20:01
United StatesLGM-30G Minuteman IIIUnited StatesVandenberg LF-09United StatesUS Air Force
United StatesFOT GT161GMUS Air Force Suborbital Missile test6 MarchSuccessful
22 MarchUnited StatesHeraUnited StatesWhite Sands LC-94 United StatesUS Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital ABM target22 MarchSuccessful
22 MarchUnited StatesTHAADUnited StatesWhite Sands United StatesUS Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital ABM Test22 MarchSuccessful

April-June

[edit]
3 April
15:59
CanadaBlack Brant 9CM1United StatesWhite Sands LC-36 United StatesNASA
NASA Suborbital Aeronomy and microgravity research3 AprilSuccessful
17 April
07:00
RussiaRT-2PM TopolRussiaPlesetsk Site 158RussiaRVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test17 AprilSuccessful
21 AprilUnited StatesUGM-133 Trident IIUnited StatesSubmarine, Eastern RangeUnited StatesUS Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test21 AprilSuccessful
21 AprilUnited StatesUGM-133 Trident II United StatesSubmarine, Eastern Range United StatesUS Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test21 AprilSuccessful
3 May
04:16
United KingdomSkylark 7 SwedenEsrange Area S GermanyDLR
SwedenMaser 7 SSCSuborbital Microgravity research3 MaySuccessful
8 May
08:01
United StatesLGM-118 PeacekeeperUnited StatesVandenberg LF-05United StatesUS Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital Missile test8 MaySuccessful
16 MayUnited StatesUGM-96 Trident IUnited StatesSubmarine, Eastern Range United StatesUS Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test16 MaySuccessful
16 MayUnited StatesUGM-96 Trident I United StatesSubmarine, Eastern Range United StatesUS Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test16 MaySuccessful
16 MayUnited StatesUGM-96 Trident I United StatesSubmarine, Eastern Range United StatesUS Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test16 MaySuccessful
16 MayUnited StatesUGM-96 Trident I United StatesSubmarine, Eastern Range United StatesUS Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test16 MaySuccessful
30 May
08:01
United StatesLGM-118 Peacekeeper United StatesVandenberg LF-02United StatesUS Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital Missile test30 MaySuccessful
4 June
05:06
CanadaBlack Brant VIIICUnited StatesWhite Sands United StatesNASA
United StatesXQCNASA Suborbital X-ray astronomy4 JuneSuccessful
6 JuneRussiaUR-100NKazakhstanBaikonur RussiaRVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test6 JuneSuccessful
6 JuneRussiaRT-2PM Topol RussiaPlesetsk Site 158 RussiaRVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test6 JuneSuccessful
17 June
05:50
CanadaBlack Brant IX United StatesWhite Sands LC-36 United StatesNASA
NASA Suborbital Radio astronomy17 JuneSuccessful
20 June
14:40
CanadaBlack Brant IX United StatesWhite Sands LC-36 United StatesNASA
NASA Suborbital Test rocket20 JuneSuccessful
26 June
12:17
United StatesLGM-30G Minuteman III United StatesVandenberg LF-10United StatesUS Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital Missile test26 JuneSuccessful
26 June
14:59
United StatesLGM-30G Minuteman III United StatesVandenberg LF-04United StatesUS Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital Missile test26 JuneSuccessful
26 June
19:00
CanadaBlack Brant IX United StatesWhite Sands LC-36 United StatesNASA
NASA Suborbital Solar observation26 JuneSuccessful
28 JuneRussiaR-29 VysotaRussiaSubmarine, Sea of OkhotskRussiaRussian Navy
Russian Navy Suborbital Missile test28 JuneSuccessful
28 JuneRussiaR-29 Vysota RussiaSubmarine, Sea of Okhotsk RussiaRussian Navy
Russian Navy Suborbital Missile test28 JuneSuccessful
28 JuneRussiaR-29 Vysota RussiaSubmarine, Sea of Okhotsk RussiaRussian Navy
Russian Navy Suborbital Missile test28 JuneSuccessful

July-September

[edit]
9 JulyUnited StatesAriesUnited StatesWallops IslandUnited StatesUS Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital Tracking demonstration9 JulySuccessful
14 July
07:15
CanadaBlack Brant 9CM1 United StatesWhite Sands LC-36 United StatesNASA
United StatesNUVIEWS 1NASA Suborbital Ultraviolet astronomy14 JulySuccessful
15 JulyRussiaR-29 Vysota RussiaSubmarine, Barents SeaRussiaRussian Navy
Russian Navy Suborbital Missile test15 JulySuccessful
15 JulyRussiaR-29 Vysota RussiaSubmarine, Barents Sea RussiaRussian Navy
Russian Navy Suborbital Missile test15 JulySuccessful
15 July
11:28
United StatesHera United StatesWhite Sands LC-94 United StatesUS Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital ABM Target15 JulySuccessful
15 July
11:31
United StatesTHAAD United StatesWhite Sands United StatesUS Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital ABM test15 JulySuccessful
15 July
18:21
United StatesCastor 4BUnited StatesWake IslandUnited StatesOrbital Sciences
Orbital Sciences Suborbital Re-entry test15 JulySuccessful
19 JulyUnited StatesUGM-133 Trident II United StatesSubmarine, Eastern Range United StatesUS Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test19 JulySuccessful
19 JulyUnited StatesUGM-133 Trident II United StatesSubmarine, Eastern Range United StatesUS Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test19 JulySuccessful
25 JulyRussiaRT-2PM Topol RussiaPlesetsk Site 158 RussiaRVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test25 JulySuccessful
26 July
09:40
CanadaBlack Brant 9CM1 United StatesWhite Sands LC-36 United StatesNASA
NASA Suborbital Aeronomy26 JulySuccessful
12 August
18:58
United StatesNike OrionUnited StatesWhite Sands United StatesNASA
NASA Suborbital Aeronomy12 AugustSuccessful
20 August
15:30
JapanS-310 JapanUchinoura Area K JapanISAS
JapanSEEKISAS Suborbital Plasma research20 AugustSuccessful
20 August
16:00
CanadaBlack Brant 9CM1 United StatesWhite Sands LC-36 United StatesNASA
NASA Suborbital Solar research20 AugustSuccessful
26 August
14:00
JapanS-310 JapanUchinoura Area K JapanISAS
JapanSEEK ISAS Suborbital Plasma research26 AugustSuccessful
29 AugustCanadaBlack Brant VCUnited StatesWallops Island United StatesUS Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital Test rocket29 AugustSuccessful
31 August
15:41
United StatesSTARS II II (Polaris A3) United StatesBarking SandsUnited StatesUS Air Force
United StatesODES/MSX MDT-2US Air Force Suborbital Target31 AugustSuccessful
Target for MSX satellite observation.[4] Apogee: 909 km (565 mi).
11 September
08:01
United StatesLGM-118 Peacekeeper United StatesVandenberg LF-05 United StatesUS Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital Missile test11 SeptemberSuccessful
24 September
22:00
JapanTR-1JapanTanegashima LA-T JapanNASDA
NASDA Suborbital Microgravity research24 SeptemberSuccessful
27 September
16:51
United StatesLGM-30F Minuteman IIUnited StatesVandenberg LF-03United StatesUS Air force
US Air Force Suborbital Target27 SeptemberSuccessful

October-December

[edit]
2 OctoberUnited StatesUGM-96 Trident I United StatesSubmarine, Eastern Range United StatesUS Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test2 OctoberSuccessful
3 OctoberRussiaRT-2PM Topol RussiaPlesetsk Site 158 RussiaRVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test3 OctoberSuccessful
3 OctoberRussiaR-29 Vysota RussiaSubmarine, Barents Sea RussiaRussian Navy
Russian Navy Suborbital Missile test3 OctoberSuccessful
9 OctoberUnited StatesHera United StatesWhite Sands LC-94 United StatesUS Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital ABM target9 OctoberSuccessful
9 OctoberUnited StatesTHAAD United StatesWhite Sands United StatesUS Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital ABM test9 OctoberSuccessful
16 October
10:41
United StatesLCLVUnited StatesWallops Island United StatesUS Air Force
United StatesRed Tigress 3US Air Force Suborbital Target16 OctoberSuccessful
16 October
16:02
CanadaBlack Brant IX United StatesWhite Sands LC-36 United StatesNASA
NASA Suborbital Technology development16 OctoberSuccessful
21 October
03:00
CanadaBlack Brant IX United StatesWhite Sands LC-36 United StatesNASA
NASA Suborbital Astronomy21 OctoberSuccessful
28 OctoberUnited StatesUGM-133 Trident II United StatesSubmarine, Eastern Range United StatesUS Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test28 OctoberSuccessful
28 OctoberUnited StatesUGM-133 Trident II United StatesSubmarine, Eastern Range United StatesUS Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test28 OctoberSuccessful
29 October
03:30
CanadaBlack Brant IX United StatesWhite Sands LC-36 United StatesNASA
NASA Suborbital Aeronomy29 OctoberSuccessful
6 November
13:06
United StatesLGM-118 Peacekeeper United StatesVandenberg LF-02 United StatesUS Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital Missile test6 NovemberSuccessful
9 November
08:50
RussiaRT-2PM Topol RussiaPlesetsk Site 158 RussiaRVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test9 NovemberSuccessful
13 November
18:30
CanadaBlack Brant IX United StatesWhite Sands LC-36 United StatesNASA
United StatesSERTS-96NASA Suborbital Solar observation13 NovemberSuccessful
17 November
13:30
United StatesTerrier-OrionUnited StatesWhite Sands LC-36 United StatesNASA
NASA Suborbital Test rocket17 NovemberSuccessful
24 November
11:05
United KingdomSkylark 7 SwedenEsrange Area S GermanyDLR
GermanyTEXUS 35DASA Suborbital Microgravity research24 NovemberSuccessful
29 NovemberRussiaRT-2PU Topol RussiaPlesetsk Site 158 RussiaRVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test29 NovemberSuccessful
28 DecemberChinaDF-21 ChinaTaiyuan China
Suborbital Missile test28 DecemberSuccessful

Deep-space rendezvous

[edit]
Date (GMT) Spacecraft Event Remarks
27 JuneGalileo1st flyby of Ganymede
6 SeptemberGalileo2nd flyby of Ganymede
4 NovemberGalileo1st flyby of Callisto
19 DecemberGalileo1st flyby of Europa

EVAs

[edit]
Start Date/Time Duration End Time Spacecraft Crew Remarks
15 January
05:35
6 hours
9 minutes
11:44 STS-72
Endeavour
United StatesLeroy Chiao
United StatesDaniel T. Barry
Practiced construction techniques for the upcoming International Space Station. The activities included installing a cable tray, hooking up cables and fluid lines, handling small screws and bolts in the screw, and grappling large objects at the end of the robotic arm.[5]
17 January
05:40
6 hours
54 minutes
12:34 STS-72
Endeavour
United StatesLeroy Chiao
United StatesWinston E. Scott
Continued testing of construction techniques with utility boxes, slidewires and a portable work stanchion attached to the robotic arm. Scott also tested the heating capabilities of his spacesuit by riding the robotic arm into a cold night zone while Endeavour's payload bay was oriented toward space.[6]
8 February
14:03
3 hours
5 minutes
17:08 MirEO-20
Kvant-2
GermanyThomas Reiter
RussiaYuri Gidzenko
Moved a YMK maneuvering unit from the Kvant-2 airlock and secured it on the module exterior. Then collected experiments deployed earlier on the ESEF. The team was unable to remove an antenna from Kristall when they were unable to loosen some bolts on the antenna.
15 March
01:04
5 hours
51 minutes
06:55 Mir EO-21
Kvant-2
RussiaYury Onufriyenko
RussiaYury Usachov
To improve access to the outside of the Kristall module, Onufriyenko and Usachev installed a second Strela boom on the Mir base block. Also prepared cables and connectors for the future installation of the Mir Cooperative Solar Array.
27 March
06:34
6 hours
2 minutes
12:36 STS-76
Mir Atlantis
United StatesMichael R. Clifford
United StatesLinda M. Godwin
Added four canisters of experiments, called the Mir Environmental Effects Payload (MEEP), to the outside of docking module. Also tested new tethers and foot restraints for future use on Mir and the upcoming ISS assembly. First Shuttle-Mir EVA and EVA performed from a Space Shuttle docked at a space station.
20 May
22:50
6 hours
20 minutes
21 May
04:10
Mir EO-21
Kvant-2
RussiaYury Onufriyenko
RussiaYury Usachov
Moved the Mir Cooperative Solar Array (MCSA) from its stowage position on Kristal to a final location on Kvant-1, and prepared the array for complete deployment. Also released a balloon shaped like a large Pepsi can, and filmed it for a television commercial.
24 May
20:47
6 hours
43 minutes
25 May
02:30
Mir EO-21
Kvant-2
RussiaYury Onufriyenko
RussiaYury Usachov
Completed deployment of the Mir Cooperative Solar Array (MCSA) on the Kvant-1 module.
30 May
18:20
4 hours
20 minutes
22:40 Mir EO-21
Kvant-2
RussiaYury Onufriyenko
RussiaYury Usachov
Installed the German made Modular Optoelectronic Multispectral Scanner (MOMS) camera to the exterior of the Priroda module. Also installed a new handrail on the exterior of Kvant-2 to aid future spacewalks.
6 June
16:56
3 hours
34 minutes
20:30 Mir EO-21
Kvant-2
RussiaYury Onufriyenko
RussiaYury Usachov
Installed two American micrometeoroid detector experiments to the exterior of Kvant-2. Also replaced a cassette for the Komza experiment of the surface of Spektr.
13 June
12:45
5 hours
42 minutes
18:27 Mir EO-21
Kvant-2
RussiaYury Onufriyenko
RussiaYury Usachov
Installed the Rapana girder to the exterior of Kvant-1 in anticipation of mounting future experiments to the girder. Also manually deployed the Travers radar on the surface of Priroda.
2 December
15:54
5 hours
58 minutes
21:52 Mir EO-22
Kvant-2
RussiaValery Korzun
RussiaAleksandr Kaleri
Successfully connected electrical cables to the solar panels on surface installed on Kvant-1.[7]
9 December
13:50
6 hours
38 minutes
20:28 Mir EO-22
Kvant-2
RussiaValery Korzun
RussiaAleksandr Kaleri
Completed the construction of the Rapana truss structure and the installed the Kurs docking antenna. Also fixed an amateur radio antenna that had loosened.[8]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Bergin, Chris (16 July 2008). "Sea Launch lofts EchoStar 11 – EchoStar 2 dies on orbit". NASASpaceflight.com. Archived from the original on 19 July 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2008.
  2. ^"CNN Student News One-Sheet: Space Shuttle Facts". CNN. 11 March 2008. Archived from the original on 3 June 2010. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
  3. ^Story Musgrave 6-time Space Shuttle Astronaut simulates Space Flight | Hubble Space Telescope | Space Exploration | Space StoryArchived 30 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^Sims, Brent A.; White, John E. (1997). STARS MDT-II Targets Mission (Report). Sandia National Laboratories. OSTI 513539. DTIC ADA329052 – via the Internet Archive.
  5. ^Dumoulin, Jim (2001). "STS-72 Day 5 Highlights". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived from the original on 21 March 2009. Retrieved 7 March 2009.
  6. ^Dumoulin, Jim (2001). "STS-72 Day 7 Highlights". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived from the original on 21 March 2009. Retrieved 7 March 2009.
  7. ^van der Berg, Chris (3 December 1996). "MIRNEWS 3 DECEMBER 1996 (337)". MirNews. SpaceOnLine. Archived from the original on 8 March 2009. Retrieved 7 March 2009.
  8. ^van der Berg, Chris (10 December 1996). "MIRNEWS 10 DECEMBER 1996 (338)". MirNews. SpaceOnLine. Archived from the original on 8 March 2009. Retrieved 8 March 2009.
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