Election results, 2024: U.S. Senate

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Republicans won a 53-47 majority as a result of the November 5, 2024 elections.

As a result of the elections, Republicans gained four seats in Montana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Democrats gained one seat in Arizona.

Democrats held a 50-49 majority in the U.S. Senate heading into the elections.^[1]Thirty-four of 100 Senate seats were up for election. Thirty-three of those seats were up for regular election, and one^[2] was up for a special election. Democrats were defending three Senate seats, in Montana, Ohio, and West Virginia, in states Donald Trump (R) won in the 2020 presidential election. Republicans were not defending any Senate seats in states Joe Biden (D) won in 2020.

Of the seats up for election in 2024, Democrats held 19, Republicans held 11, and independents held four. Eight members of the U.S. Senate did not run for re-election, more than in any year since 2012.

Ballotpedia identified 15 races (41.2%) as general election battlegrounds in 2024. Heading into the elections, Democrats held 11 of those seats, Republicans held three, and independents held one. Republicans won three seats previously held by Democrats in Montana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania and Democrats won the seat in Arizona, previously held by Kyrsten Sinema (I).

Ten seats were open because the incumbent did not run for re-election. Nine incumbents retired from public office and one incumbent ran for another office. Click here to learn more.

Ballotpedia does not include incumbents leaving office early in our analysis of incumbents not running for re-election. For more information about incumbents who left office early or announced resignations, click here.

Changes in partisan control

Republicans won a 53-47 majority as a result of the November 5, 2024 elections.

As a result of the elections, five seats changed partisan control. Republicans gained four seats in Montana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Democrats gained one seat in Arizona.

Seats that changed party hands in 2024

See also: United States Senate elections, 2024

Senate seats that changed party hands, 2024
State	Pre-election incumbent	2024 winner
Arizona	Kyrsten Sinema	Ruben Gallego
Montana	Jon Tester	Tim Sheehy
Ohio	Sherrod Brown	Bernie Moreno
Pennsylvania	Bob Casey Jr.	David McCormick
West Virginia	Joe Manchin III	Jim Justice

Offices on the ballot in 2024

The table below highlights the partisan balance of the U.S. Senate before and after the election.

Analysis of votes received by presidential and U.S. Senate candidates

The following chart shows the total number of votes Donald Trump (R) and Kamala Harris (D) received compared to candidates for U.S. Senate.

Pre-election analysis

Partisan breakdown

U.S. Senate Partisan Breakdown
Party		As of November 5, 2024	After the 2024 Election
	Democratic Party	47^[3]	45^[4]
	Republican Party	49	53
	Independent	4^[3]	2^[4]
Total		100	100

The chart below shows historical partisan breakdown information for the chamber.

Seats up for election

There were 33 U.S. Senate seats up for regular election in 2024—10 seats held by Republicans, 19 held by Democrats, and four held by independents who caucus with Democrats. ^[5]

Two special elections also took place on Nov. 5, 2024. One special election was held to fill the last two years of the six-year term that Ben Sasse (R) was elected to in 2020.^[6]^[7]^[8] The other special election was held to fill the rest of the six-year term that Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.) was elected to in 2018. Feinstein died on Sept. 29. 2023. The Senate seat Feinstein held was also up for regular election on Nov. 5, 2024.^[9]

The map and table below shows what seats were up for election and the incumbent heading into the election in each race.

Table last updated: October 24, 2024

2024 Senate elections
State	Pre-election incumbent	Year first elected	Last election margin of victory	Open seat in 2024
Arizona	Kyrsten Sinema	2018	2.4	Yes
California	Laphonza Butler	Appointed 2023	8.4	Yes
Connecticut	Christopher Murphy	2012	20.2	No
Delaware	Thomas Carper	2000	22.2	Yes
Florida	Rick Scott	2018	0.2	No
Hawaii	Mazie Hirono	2012	42.4	No
Indiana	Mike Braun	2018	5.9	Yes
Massachusetts	Elizabeth Warren	2012	24.1	No
Maryland	Benjamin Cardin	2006	34.6	Yes
Maine	Angus King	2012	19.1	No
Michigan	Debbie Stabenow	2000	6.5	Yes
Minnesota	Amy Klobuchar	2006	24.1	No
Missouri	Josh Hawley	2018	5.8	No
Mississippi	Roger Wicker	2006	19	No
Montana	Jon Tester	2006	3.5	No
North Dakota	Kevin Cramer	2018	10.8	No
Nebraska	Deb Fischer	2012	19.1	No
Nebraska (special election)	Pete Ricketts	Appointed 2023	38.3	No
New Jersey	Robert Menendez	2006	11.2	Yes
New Mexico	Martin Heinrich	2012	23.6	No
Nevada	Jacky Rosen	2018	5	No
New York	Kirsten Gillibrand	2010	34	No
Ohio	Sherrod Brown	2006	6.8	No
Pennsylvania	Robert Casey	2006	13.1	No
Rhode Island	Sheldon Whitehouse	2006	23.1	No
Tennessee	Marsha Blackburn	2018	10.8	No
Texas	Ted Cruz	2012	2.6	No
Utah	Mitt Romney	2018	31.7	Yes
Virginia	Tim Kaine	2012	16	No
Vermont	Bernard Sanders	2006	39.9	No
Washington	Maria Cantwell	2000	16.8	No
Wisconsin	Tammy Baldwin	2012	10.8	No
West Virginia	Joe Manchin	2010	3.3	Yes
Wyoming	John Barrasso	2006	36.9	No

Battlegrounds

The following map displays all states that held U.S. Senate elections in 2024 shaded by the incumbent's or most recent incumbent's political affiliation. Battleground races are highlighted in lighter colors. Hover over a state for more information.

Battleground U.S. Senate elections, 2024
State	Incumbent	Open seat?	2018 margin	2024 margin	2020 presidential margin
Arizona	Kyrsten Sinema	Yes	D+2.4^[10]	D+2.2	D+0.3
California	Laphonza Butler	Yes	N/A^[11]	D+19.6	D+29.2
Florida	Rick Scott	No	R+0.2	R+12.8	R+3.3
Maryland	Ben Cardin	Yes	D+34.6	D+7.8	D+33.2
Michigan	Debbie Stabenow	Yes	D+6.5	D+0.3	D+2.8
Montana	Jon Tester	No	D+3.5	R+8.4	R+16.4
Nebraska	Deb Fischer	No	R+19.1	R+4.6	R+19
Nevada	Jacky Rosen	No	D+5	D+1.3	D+2.4
New Jersey	Bob Menendez Sr.	Yes	D+11.2	D+9.9	D+15.9
New Mexico	Martin Heinrich	No	D+10.8	D+8.8	D+15.9
Ohio	Sherrod Brown	No	D+6.8	R+3.8	R+8.1
Pennsylvania	Bob Casey	No	D+13.1	R+0.2	D+1.2
Texas	Ted Cruz	No	R+2.6	R+9.8	R+5.6
Virginia	Tim Kaine	No	D+16	D+7.6	10.1
Wisconsin	Tammy Baldwin	No	D+10.8	D+0.9	D+0.7

Outside ratings

The following table compared U.S. Senate race ratings from The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter, Decision Desk HQ and The Hill, Inside Elections, and Sabato's Crystal Ball prior to the November 2024 elections.

Log of Senate election results

November 21

6:45 p.m.: Incumbent Bob Casey Jr. (D) conceded to David McCormick (R) in the general election for U.S. Senate in Pennsylvania.^[12]

November 14

10:48 a.m.: Pennsylvania Secretary of the Commonwealth Al Schmidt (R) announced that the unofficial results to the general election between Bob Casey Jr. (D) and David McCormick (R) for Pennsylvania's U.S. Senate seat triggered a legally required statewide recount. To learn more about the recount, click here.

November 9

9:08 a.m.: Incumbent Sen. Jacky Rosen (D) defeated Sam Brown (R) and four others in the general election for Nevada's U.S. Senate seat.^[13]

November 6

3:16 p.m.: Elissa Slotkin (D) defeated Mike Rogers (R) in the general election for Michigan's U.S. Senate seat.^[14]
11:13 a.m.: Tim Sheehy (R) defeated incumbent Sen. Jon Tester (D) in the general election for Montana's U.S. Senate seat.^[15]
12:12 a.m.: Incumbent Sen. Deb Fischer (R) defeated Dan Osborn (I) in the general election for Nebraska's U.S. Senate seat.^[16]

November 5

11:16 p.m.: Andrew Kim (D) defeated Curtis Bashaw (R) and two other candidates in the general election for New Jersey's U.S. Senate seat.^[17]
11:02 p.m.: Adam Schiff (D) defeated Steve Garvey (R) in the general election for California's U.S. Senate seat.^[18]
10:53 p.m.: Bernie Moreno (R) defeated incumbent Sen. Sherrod Brown (D) and Don Kissick (L) in the general election for Ohio's U.S. Senate seat.^[19]
10:40 p.m.: Incumbent Sen. Martin Heinrich (D) defeated Nella Domenici (R) in the general election for New Mexico's U.S. Senate seat.^[20]
9:51 p.m.:
- Angela Alsobrooks (D) defeated Larry Hogan (R) and Mike Scott (L) in the general election for Maryland's U.S. Senate seat.^[21]
- Incumbent Sen. Ted Cruz (R) defeated Colin Allred (D) and two other candidates in the general election for Texas' U.S. Senate seat.^[22]
8:03 p.m.: Incumbent Sen. Rick Scott (R) defeated Debbie Mucarsel-Powell (D) and four other candidates in the general election for Florida's U.S. Senate seat.^[23]
8:17 p.m.: Incumbent Sen. Tim Kaine (D) defeated Hung Cao (R) in the general election for Virginia's U.S. Senate seat.^[24]
7:39 p.m.: Jim Justice (R) defeated Glenn Elliott (D) and four other candidates in the general election for West Virginia's U.S. Senate seat.^[25]