Hash Data Structure uses a hash function to store data like a smart storage system. This article covers the most important and common problems. We have covered all the ranges from easy-level problems to hard-level problems. Hash is like this article a well-organized filing cabinet where you can get the store for finding things super quickly. Here are the top 50 problems that take you forward in Data Structures and Algorithms from basic to advanced! Easy Problems Find the count of distinct elements in an array Minimum insertions to form a palindrome with permutations allowed Find whether an array ... Read More

Databases form the backbone of many applications, but not all databases are created equal. Adabas and Alibaba Cloud ApsaraDB for PolarDB exemplify this with their distinct characteristics and use cases. Here's a comprehensive comparison − Type and Purpose Adabas Type − High-performance, transactional NoSQL database. Purpose − Optimized for high-volume transaction processing, commonly used in industries like finance, government, telecommunications, and ERP systems for its reliability and speed. ApsaraDB for PolarDB Type − Cloud-native relational database compatible with MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Oracle. Purpose − Suited for cloud-native, scalable workloads, ideal for modern applications requiring high scalability and ... Read More

Databases and data structures are both essential for managing and organizing data, but they serve different purposes. The key difference is that databases focus on storing, retrieving, and managing large volumes of structured information, while data structures are designed to optimize the efficiency of data manipulation within a program.While databases are often larger and persistent, data structures are temporary and designed for use within active programs. Both are crucial to different aspects of software development, with databases focusing on large-scale data management and data structures aimed at improving the efficiency of computational tasks. In practice, developers often use databases in ... Read More

One of the important aspects of business development is the design of a Data Warehouse in which a schema is used to collect different data sources. The two popular architectures used to design a data warehouse are Kimball and Inmon. In this article, we will discuss the difference between Kimball and Inmon. What is Kimball? Ralph Kimball introduced the Kimball approach to design a data warehouse. This is an approach in which business processes and questions are recognized and the answer to these questions has to be given by the data warehouse. The information provided by the data warehouse is ... Read More

There are situations in a database in which if one transaction has to access data, other transactions should not be allowed to access the same data. In such a case, the lock is important to prevent other transactions from using the data that is being used by a transaction. Locks are of two types which include shared locks and exclusive locks. In this article, we will see the difference between shared lock and exclusive lock. What is a Shared Lock? Shared lock is a lock that does not permit to work on data by a transaction if it is being ... Read More

Overview Production databases are crucial for storing and retrieving data in organizations. SQL queries are essential for efficiently retrieving specific information from these databases. The article aims to equip readers with practical knowledge for working with production databases using SQL queries. Understanding SQL Queries and Relational Databases Relational databases provide a structured framework for organizing and storing data efficiently. Data modeling techniques, including normalization, help in designing effective databases. Understanding these concepts is essential for writing SQL queries that retrieve information accurately and efficiently from complex databases. Let’s dive into a few real world examples − Example 1 Creating ... Read More

Overview For organizations grappling with database unavailability issues there are considerable challenges that can impact their operational efficiency as well as financial outcomes not to mention the importance of having access to real time information. Given that databases function as repositories for important data any delay or inability in accessing this crucial information can result in far reaching consequences. Operational efficiency gets hampered when employees lack access to necessary data resulting in diminished productivity and frustrated customers. Financial implications include missed chances of generating revenue. Costs associated with repairs or upgrades. And long-term harm to a companys reputation and ... Read More

Introduction In the age of technology we live in today. Preserving our personal information and maintaining our privacy has become an urgent concern. Our digital footprints encapsulate valuable information which can be leveraged by opportunistic entities solely for their own gain; inevitably triggering concerns regarding the safeguarding of our privacy rights and personal records. Just like an ecosystem needs preservation for its longevity. Protecting our digital footprints from external threats is crucial. The consequences of unregulated access to personal data can have serious implications such as targeted advertising and identity theft. It has undeniably become a matter of utmost importance ... Read More

Introduction Primary indexing is a crucial component of database management systems as it greatly enhances the efficiency of retrieving data. Its main objective is to establish a primary key and index. Which in turn enables quick and precise searches. By assigning a unique identifier to each record and creating an index. Primary indexing permits rapid access to specific data. Not only does it improve the overall performance of the system but it also facilitates efficient operations such as record insertion and updates while minimizing disk input/output operations. In this era of digital advancements primary indexing is an essential ... Read More

Introduction To ensure both concurrency control and data integrity within database management systems (DBMS). Several locking mechanisms are employed — among them, one is being predicate locking. By utilizing this particular type of lock for protecting specified sections of the stored information from conflicting operations seeking simultaneous access. DBMS guarantees foolproof security measures. By designating a single transaction at a time for reading or modifying a given set of records predicate locking effectively eliminates inconsistencies that might occur due to concurrent access. Moreover. The lock is directly associated with specific predicates. Making it feasible for different subsets of ... Read More