In electrical substations, an interconnected system of multiple capacitors is used for improving the power factor of the system, this interconnected system of capacitors is referred to as a capacitor bank. In short, a capacitor bank is device which consists of multiple capacitors connected in parallel or series and provide reactive power for improving the power factor of the electrical system. Capacitor banks are important components in utility and industrial substations as they are useful in improving power factor and efficiency of the power supply system. Read this article to learn the basic concepts related to a capacitor bank, ... Read More

Ring Main Unit (RMU) is a switchgear device used in secondary distribution systems, i.e., between the distribution substation and the end consumer to ensure continuous power supply and isolate the faulty section from the network. The main purpose of using a ring main unit is to provide an uninterrupted power supply to consumers even in fault conditions. It is basically a small sized switchgear unit enclosed completely within a cabinet and consists of disconnectors, fuses, and circuit breakers. Read this article to learn the structure, types, advantages, and applications of a ring main unit (RMU). What is a Ring ... Read More

In electrical power systems, an isolator is a type of switchgear device which is mainly used for ensuring that the circuit is completely disconnected from the source of power supply. Since its main function is to provide isolation in the circuit, hence it is termed as an isolator. However, it is also known as a disconnector. It is mainly used in substations, distribution feeders, industrial power supplies, etc. By providing a visible disconnection in the circuit, isolators ensure the safety during maintenance work. Read this article to learn more about isolators, its types, working, advantages, limitations, and applications. ... Read More

A VFD (Variable Frequency Drive) is a power electronic device used for controlling the operation of electric motors, especially induction motors. It is a type of motor drive whose working principle is based on the variation of supply voltage and frequency. It is also known by many other names such as variable speed drive, AC drive, adjustable frequency drive, adjustable speed drive, micro-drive, etc. VFD is primarily used for controlling the speed of an induction motor by varying the frequency and voltage of the input supply. In this article, we will discuss the basics, working, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of ... Read More

Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB) is a type of circuit breaker used in electrical circuits for protection purposes. The primary function of an RCCB is to detect a leakage in the circuit current. If there is any leakage in the current, the RCCB can interrupt the circuit and prevent the fault to be happened. Read this article to understand the functions, working principle, advantages, and applications of RCCB. What is an RCCB? RCCB (Residual Current Circuit Breaker) is a protecting device that detects any leakage current in the circuit and interrupt the circuit current. When a fault occurs in ... Read More

Motor Protection Circuit Breaker (MPCB) is a type of circuit breaker used for providing protection to electric motors. MPCBs are specially designed for protecting electric motors only. Read this article to learn the functions, working, and applications of motor protection circuit breaker (MPCB). What is an MPCB? Motor Protection Circuit Breaker is a specially designed circuit breaker used for protecting electric motors from faults or abnormal conditions. In any industry, electric motors are very important and significantly expensive devices. Therefore, they have to be protected from faults and abnormal conditions that occur in power system. For this purpose, MPCBs ... Read More

Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) is a type of circuit breaker used in electrical circuits for providing protection against earth leakage fault. In other words, an ELCB is a protection device used to protect people from getting electric shocks in case of an earth leakage fault. The primary function of an ELCB is to detect and interrupt an electric current that leaks to the ground, which is basically the condition of earth fault. Read this article to understand the basics, working principle, types, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers. What is an ELCB? Earth Leakage Circuit ... Read More

In electrical power systems, different types of switchgear devices are used such as circuit breakers, AB switches, isolators for switching and protection purposes. These switching devices play an important role in power systems. There are two common types of switch devices used in electrical power systems are AB Switch (Air Break Switch) and Isolator. Although, the primary purpose of both AB switch and isolator is similar, but they are completely from each other in construction, operation, and many other aspects. For an electrical engineer, it is very essential to understand the differences between AB switch and isolators to design ... Read More

In an electrical system, there are three types of conductors used, they are phase, neutral, and ground. In general, the neutral wire is grounded for safety and stability reasons. But sometimes, a condition occurs where the neutral wire of the systems is disconnected from the ground terminal, this condition is known as floating neutral. In some special situations, the neutral wire is intentionally left isolated from the ground terminal, this is also known as floating neutral. In this article, we will learn about floating neutral in electrical systems, its effects, causes, and methods of testing and fixing the floating ... Read More

In electrical power system, there is a device called Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) used to adjust the voltage levels within a desired limit. In other words, an automatic voltage regulator is an electronic circuit that is primarily used for regulating the output voltage of an electric generator, so that we can obtain a constant voltage even when the load is fluctuating. This tutorial will explain the construction, working, needs, advantages, and applications of automatic voltage regulators (AVRs). So, let’s start with the basic introduction of automatic voltage regulator. What is an Automatic Voltage Regulator? An AVR or Automatic Voltage Regulator ... Read More