Manuscript Submission Guidelines
The American Journal of Neuroradiology (AJNR) publishes articles pertaining to the clinical imaging, therapy, and basic science of the central and peripheral nervous system, including but not limited to the brain, spine, head and neck, interventional procedures, techniques in neuroimaging and neurointervention, and related educational, socioeconomic, and medicolegal issues. The AJNR encourages and will give particular attention to investigations that are prospective in nature and in which specific hypotheses are proposed. The content of the AJNR is determined by the Editors and the Editorial Board.
Types of articles the AJNR will consider for publication include Original Research, Systematic Reviews/Meta-Analyses, Review Articles, Clinical Reports, Radiology-Pathology Correlations, Point/Counterpoint Articles, Brief/Technical Reports, Letters to the Editor, and State of Practice papers. Other items such as Book Reviews are solicited and approved by the Editors as well.
Submitted manuscripts must not contain previously published material or material under consideration for publication elsewhere unless specific permission is obtained. Accepted manuscripts become the property of the AJNR and may not be republished without its consent.
AJNR asks authors to disclose where and when earlier version(s) of a submitted manuscript were presented and to provide access to those version(s). If a substantial portion of the submitted work has been published previously in print or on the Web, the authors should include a detailed description of how the present work differs from the prior version.
Manuscripts will undergo peer review, and an AJNR Editor will then make a decision relative to publication. The AJNR uses an electronic submission and review process to promote expeditious peer review. Manuscripts should be submitted electronically via the following Web site: Manuscript Central.
Note that all authors will receive a link to complete disclosure forms after submission if the manuscript is positively reviewed and further considered for publication. These will need to be filled out before the article can be published.
Questions about manuscripts under consideration may be addressed to:
American Journal of Neuroradiology
820 Jorie Boulevard, Suite 300
Oak Brook, IL 60523-8205
ph(630) 574-0220, ext. 240
em lwilhelm@asnr.org
General Author Instructions
Electronic Format Requirements
Important: If possible, please submit all files in production-ready formats. We cannot publish your manuscript without receiving correctly formatted files.
Document Files
| Manuscript Organization | When organizing your manuscript, please refer to the desired category of submission for guidelines. |
|---|---|
| Blinding | Preserve anonymity by ensuring that the authors' names appear only on the title page (which should be a separate electronic file) and by eliminating mention of institutions, affiliations, and previous work by the authors (stated as such within the manuscript file). |
| Margins & Spacing | All text should be double-spaced with sufficient margins, and all pages should be numbered. Do not justify the margins. |
| Font Size | Font size should be at least 12 point. |
| File Format | Submit an electronic version of the manuscript as a Microsoft Word (DOC, DOCX) or RTF file. Please note that abstracts should be included in your main document in addition to being posted in the space provided in your Corresponding Author Center. |
| Revisions | For revisions, please include a cover letter detailing all changes that were made to the manuscript. You will be prompted for this letter by Manuscript Central upon submitting your revision. IMPORTANT NOTE: When you submit your revision, you are required to provide two distinct versions of your document. The first, labeled "Revised Manuscript," should have all changes visibly marked in yellow. The second should be a clean version, free of any highlighting, and must be named "Clean Manuscript" Please ensure that the documents are correctly named upon submission to aid in the review process. |
Multimedia Files
Any multimedia files to be published in the journal should be uploaded to Manuscript Central in QuickTime (MOV). Please do not send DivX Video (AVI), MPEG, or Windows Media Clip (WMV) files.
Title Page, Abbreviations, and Terminology
| Title Page | The title page should be prepared as a separate document. The following information should appear: title of article; first name, middle initial, and last name of author(s); affiliations, grant support, and presentation in part or whole at any meeting. Authors should avoid qualifying their research as a preliminary study in the title of the paper. Identify the corresponding author and provide full mailing address, phone number, email address, and Twitter handle, if desired. Authors are urged to indicate exactly how they want their names to appear. Only one corresponding author per paper is permitted. More than one senior author can be acknowledged in the paper footnotes. |
|---|---|
| Abbreviations | Authors are encouraged to limit the amount of abbreviations whenever possible to enhance the reader's experience. The following list of commonly abbreviated words do not require expansion in the text or mention in the abbreviation key: ADC, AICA, ANCOVA, ANOVA, ASPECTS, AVF, AVM, BBB, CADASIL, CBF, CBV, Cho, CI (confidence interval), CISS, CNS, Cr, CSF, CT, CTA, CTP, CTV, DICOM, DSA, DSC, DTI, DWI, EPI, FDA, FDG, FIESTA, FISP, FLAIR, FLASH, fMRI, FOV, FSE, Gd-DTPA, Glx, GM, GRE, HAART, HASTE, 1H-MRS, H&E, HIV, ICA, IV, MANCOVA, MCA, MDCTA, mIns (myo-inositol), MIP, MPR, MPRAGE, MR, MRA, MRI, mRS (modified Rankin Scale), MRS, MRV, MS, MTT, NAA, NASCET, n-BCA, NCCT, NEX, NIHSS, NPO, OR (odds ratio), PACS, PET, PICA, PROPELLER, PWI, ROI, rtPA, SAH, SNR, SPECT, STEAM, STIR, SWI, T1WI, T2WI, TE, TI, TIA, TICI (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction), TOF, tPA, TR, TREAT, TSE, TTP, VOI, WM, Xe-CT A total of 10 other abbreviations may be used within the text, legends, and tables. These should be listed in the abbreviation key and also spelled out at first mention in the text. NO abbreviations other than those on the standard list are permitted in the abstract. All abbreviations should be commonly found in the neuroimaging literature and authors should not create abbreviations or acronyms specifically for their manuscript. All abbreviated terms must be used at least 10 times within a manuscript. Abbreviations should be listed in the abbreviation key along with their definitions, as illustrated in the following example: VBM = voxel-based morphometry; BOLD = blood oxygen level–dependent, etc. These will appear on the first page of the printed article. |
Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning/Deep Learning Policy
We recommend that authors of articles involving artificial intelligence/machine learning/deep learning refer to these guidelines from Radiology: Artificial Intelligenceand also report the level of evidence of the study presented in their article:
| Levels of Evidence | Element | Types of Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Level 1 | Clinical efficacy | One prospective or randomized clinical trial or meta-analysis |
| Level 2 | Bias and error mitigation | At least 2 independent retrospective studies separate from original institution |
| Level 3 | Reproducibility and generalizability | At least 2 retrospective studies with at least 1 from an institution independent of the original institution |
| Level 4 | Technical efficacy | Two retrospective studies from the same institution |
| Level 5A | Data quality and AI model development with external testing | One retrospective study with internal and external data used for final performance reporting |
| Level 5B | Data quality and AI model development with internal testing | One retrospective study with only internal data used for final performance reporting |
| Level 6 | Interoperability and integration into the IT infrastructure | AI company can provide a plan including interoperability standards for integration into the existing radiology and hospital digital information systems |
| Level 7 | Legal and regulatory frameworks | AI-enabled tool is compliant with current patient data protection, security, privacy, HIPAA, and government regulations |
From Critical Appraisal of Artificial Intelligence–Enabled Imaging Tools Using the Levels of Evidence System. AJNR
We recommend that all computer code used for modeling and/or data analysis be deposited in a publicly accessible repository no later than the time of acceptance. The final manuscript should contain a link to the website where the code can be accessed.
Large Language Models (LLMs)
Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, do not satisfy authorship criteria, and cannot be listed as an author of a manuscript, commentary, or letter. Attribution of authorship implies accountability for the work, which cannot be applied to LLMs. Use of an LLM must be documented in the Methods section or as an acknowledgment at the end of the manuscript. This information must include a description of the content that was created or edited, the name of the language model or tool, version number, and manufacturer/developer. The manuscript authors accept full responsibility for the text’s factual and citation accuracy; mathematical, logical, and common sense reasoning; and originality.
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments have to be in a separate section but it does not have to be a freestanding page. Obtaining permission to include a name in this section from the acknowledged individual is advised.
Figure and Legend Requirements
| Organization | Each image should be a separate file with the figure number indicated in the filename. Please do NOT insert the figures into the manuscript. Images should be uniform in size and magnification and should not be redundant. Excessive illustrative material should be avoided. Label all pertinent findings. | |
|---|---|---|
| Legends | The figure legends should be inserted after the tables in the main document, and all legends should be collectively presented on a single page. Legends should be in the present tense (eg, "T1-weighted MR image shows..."). Legends must be double-spaced and figures numbered in the order in which they are cited in the text. | |
| Resolution | Images should be a minimum size of 4 inches wide at the stated resolution.
| |
| Cropping | Please view our image cropping guide for requirements and examples. | |
| Sagittal & Lateral | Sagittal projections or lateral images are to be submitted with the patient facing the reader's left. | |
| Line Drawings | Line drawings should be professional in quality, done in black on a white background. | |
| File Format | Submit all figures in JPG, TIF, or EPS format. | |
| Blinding | Do not include authors' names in the filename or in the image file itself. Illustrations should not have marks, circles, or numbers in the area around the image and should be free of all identifying information relative to the patient* and institution. Written permission from any person recognizable in a photo is required. | |
| Electronic Modification or Manipulation of Image Files | The following global changes to improve the quality of illustrations or remove identifying information are acceptable:
| |
| Supplemental Material | You need to submit a separate PDF for the supplemental material. The American Journal of Neuroradiology no longer copyedits, typesets, or proofreads supplemental material. If you have an appendix, tables, or figures to accompany your article, please combine these materials in one PDF file. Please note that all contents of this PDF file will be referred to as "Supplemental Data" within the article rather than individual elements (eg, Online Figure 1 or Online Table 2). The authors are solely responsible for the quality and accuracy of the contents of the supplemental PDF file. | |
| Reproduced Figures | Written permission for use of all previously published illustrations must be included with submission and the original source referenced in the legends. | |
Tables
| Organization | Please insert tables into the main document following the references section, ensuring each table occupies its own page. |
|---|---|
| Data | Tables should not exactly duplicate data given in the text or figures. |
| Layout | Each table should be double-spaced and begin on a separate page without vertical or horizontal rules. Font size within the tables should not be reduced. |
| Labels & Abbreviations | Give each table a short, descriptive title, and define abbreviations as footnotes at the bottom of each one. Number tables according to the order in which they are cited in the text. The "Results" section should refer the reader to the appropriate table. |
| Format | Prepare tables with word processing (eg, Microsoft Word Table feature) or spreadsheet (eg, Microsoft Excel) software. Graphic files are not acceptable for tables. |
| Supplemental Material | All tables that would be set broadside will be removed automatically placed as supplemental material. The use of supplemental tables and figures is encouraged so that articles are as concise and focused as possible. Tables containing raw data should be submitted as supplemental content. |
References
| Author Lists | All authors are listed when there are three or fewer; when four or more, the first three are listed with 'et al.' |
|---|---|
| Journal Names | Journal names are abbreviated per Index Medicus. |
| Citation Protocol | Citation should be to the original source. When citing a long list of references, eg, 1–20, authors should attempt to order these references by date of publication or group topics together. |
| Citing Non-Standard Sources | Data such as abstracts from meetings should be cited in the reference list. For meeting abstracts, cite the authors, title, society meeting, date, and location. Citations of personal communications should appear in the "Discussion" section only and should not be used to support the authors' conclusions. Papers submitted but not yet accepted for publication should also be cited in the text (DJ Smith, unpublished data, 2025). |
| Punctuation | Punctuation of references follow the format illustrated in the following examples:
Journal Article Journal Article Published Ahead of Print Journal Article with Only DOI Available [Do Not Use this Format If Publication Has Volume, Issue, and Page Range] Book Chapter in an Edited Book Paper Presented at a Meeting Website |
| Format | This section should be double-spaced, with references numbered consecutively in the order in which they appear in the text. All references must be cited in the text in superscript. |
Author Proofs
Authors will receive PDF proofs in approximately 10 weeks following acceptance and final submission of all materials. Please note when reviewing these that excessive alterations to proofs will result in a charge of $500. This includes all changes to author names (eg, the addition of middle initials) received after an article has been published ahead of an issue. It is essential that all authors verify the treatment of their name on the manuscript title page before submission.
Manuscript Sub-Types
- ED NEURO: Emergency Neuroradiology
- NEUROVASC: Neurovascular/Stroke Imaging
- NEURODEGEN: Neurodegenerative Disorder Imaging
- EPILEPSY/MS/7T: Ultra-High-Field MRI/Imaging of Epilepsy/Demyelinating Diseases/Inflammation/Infection
- BRAIN TUMOR: Brain Tumor Imaging
- NEUROPSYCH: Neuropsychiatric Imaging
- PEDS: Pediatric Neuroimaging
- HEAD&NECK: Head and Neck Imaging
- SPINE: Spine Imaging and Spine Image-Guided Interventions
- NEUROIR: Neurointervention
- PHYSICS: Neuroimaging Physics/Functional Neuroimaging/CT and MRI Technology
- NUC MED: Molecular Neuroimaging/Nuclear Medicine
- HEALTH POLICY: Health Policies/Quality Improvement/Evidence-Based Neuroimaging
- AI: Artificial Intelligence
Categories of Submission
The word count should encompass the entire article, starting from the Introduction through to the Acknowledgments, including References and Tables, but excluding the Abstract and Figure Legends. Please calculate your word count by highlighting the text from the Introduction to the end of the tables.
| Abstract | Maximum Word Count | Maximum References | Maximum Tables | Maximum Total Figures (Parts) | Download Accepted Manuscript Templates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Original Research | 350 | 4000** | 50 | 5 | 7 (15) | Accepted Manuscript Template | |
| Systematic Reviews/Meta-Analyses | 350 | 4000** | 100 | 5 | 7 (15) | Accepted Manuscript Template | |
| Review Articles | 200 | 5000** | 100 | 5 | 15 (30) | Accepted Manuscript Template download | |
| Clinical Reports | 250 | 3500** | 30 | 2 | 7 (15) | Accepted Manuscript Template | |
| Radiology-Pathology Correlations | 250 | 3500** | 30 | 2 | 7 (15) | Accepted Manuscript Template | |
| Point/Counterpoint Articles (for each side) | 150 | 2000 | 15 | 1 | 4 (8) | Accepted Manuscript Template | |
| Brief/Technical Reports | 150 | 2000 | 15 | 1 | 4 (8) | Accepted Manuscript Template | |
| State of Practice | 300 | 3000** | 75 | 5 | 15 (30) | Accepted Manuscript Template | |
| Video Article | 150 | 20 | 0 | Video Template | |||
| eLetters to the Editor (Responses) | 500 | 4 | 2 | 2 (5) | |||
| Editorials | 500 | 4 | 1 | 1 (2) | |||
| Book Reviews | 500 | 4 | 1 | 1 (2) |
*The maximum total figures is 7, with a total number of 15 parts for all the figures
**Authors who wish to exceed this limit will be charged $750, with a maximum acceptable word count of 1000 words above the set limit for the type of article. If you would like to accept this fee, please include a note in your cover letter stating your acceptance in order to avoid having your manuscript unsubmitted for exceeding the word count limitations.
Manuscript Templates and Accepted Publications
If your manuscript is accepted, we will ask you to use our templates available in the table above (one Accepted Manuscript template available for each type of manuscript). Using the revision templates will accelerate the availability of your manuscript on the AJNR website and its indexing in PubMed and allow for faster dissemination of your results. If you use the template, please incorporate your supplemental material in the template. Also, if you use the template, you should incorporate your figures in the template, in addition to having uploaded them as separate, high-resolution files during the revision phase, as per the instructions for figures above. Please be aware that proofs will NOT be provided for immediate publication of accepted manuscripts; the templates will be published exactly as you provide it to our editorial office. However, proofs will be sent to authors for review prior to the final publication.
Imaging Protocols
We encourage you to share the imaging protocol you used in your study, to help our readers implement the solution you are proposing in your article and to facilitate its dissemination. Please consider submitting a representative protocol downloaded directly from your scanners. The instructions to download the protocols for your scanners are here.
Graphical Abstracts
Authors are highly encouraged to provide a graphical abstract for their manuscript. A graphical abstract is a visual summary of the main finding or the most important take-home message of the article. Authors should focus on delivering one main message to our readers (not an overview of all details and methods).
The graphical abstract must be self-explanatory but it is not meant to be a substitute for reading the manuscript. It can be a summary figure or schematic model from the article but even better is an image specially designed for the purpose that relays the main point of the article at a glance. By presenting visually appealing and eye-catching images or diagrams, graphical abstracts draw readers into the article. Further, they can be shared on social media platforms where they serve as promotional material to attract attention, generate interest, and lead to increased visibility and citations for the article.
Please download the instructions and the blueprint to prepare your graphical abstract.
The detailed instructions for each type of manuscript are available as comments in the manuscript templates available above, but these instructions are also laid out below:
Jump to Original Research
Jump to Level 1 Evidence-Based Medicine Expedited Program
Jump to Systematic Reviews/Meta-Analyses
Jump to Review Articles
Jump to Clinical Reports
Jump to Radiology-Pathology Correlations
Jump to Point/Counterpoint Articles
Jump to Brief/Technical Reports
Jump to State of Practice (formerly known as White Papers and Perspectives)
Jump to Video Articles
Jump to eLetters
Jump to Obituaries
Jump to Book Reviews
Jump to Case Collection
Jump to Templates
Jump to Statistical Tips
Original Research
| Abstract | The abstract should describe the essential aspects of the investigation in four subheadings:
|
|---|---|
| Introduction | Please write a brief introduction to the paper that outlines the Background/Purpose in further detail. |
| Methods | This section may be divided into subsections if it facilitates reading the paper. The research design, patients/subjects, material used, means of confirming diagnoses, and statistical methods should be included. Do not include manufacturer's names unless the specific product is important to the procedures performed.When appropriate, indicate that approval was obtained from the institution's review board. Indicate that informed consent has been obtained from patients who participated in clinical investigations. In animal experimentation, acknowledge that National Institutes of Health or equivalent guidelines were followed. If there is a sponsoring company, include at the end of this section what input that company had in the formulation of the paper. |
| Results | This section may be divided into subsections if it facilitates reading the paper. Do not mix results and discussion into this section. Present results in a clear, orderly fashion, and include statistical findings to substantiate the results. All results based on methods must be included. If tables and graphic material will ease the understanding of the results, include them. However, when the results can be summarized easily in a narrative form, do not use tables. Cite figures to illustrate findings. |
| Summary Section | If the article is accepted for publication, you are required to prepare a summary section. This consists of a table that include three cells summarizing the discussion with the following subheadings:
|
| Discussion | Start with limited, pertinent background information and then discuss the results of the investigation in light of what has been published in the past, the limitations of your study, the implications for patient care, and potential directions for future research. The promise of further studies by the authors should be eliminated unless these are certain to be undertaken and should not be used as an excuse for study limitations. Authors should also avoid statements indicating theirs is the first study of its kind unless this can be documented and the work is truly unique. Where appropriate, cite figures and graphs. |
| Conclusions | In a separate section, summarize the major findings of the study and their clinical usefulness (if applicable). This paragraph should address the hypothesis or purpose stated earlier in the paper. |
Reporting Checklists
To ensure consistent and high-quality reporting, we recommend that submissions of Original Research and Systematic Reviews/Meta-Analyses adhere to specified guidelines when applicable:
| General Format | Adhere to the previously mentioned format. |
|---|---|
| Reporting | You are encouraged to align with the EQUATOR research reporting guidelines detailed below. Kindly ensure that, in the event of the availability of multiple versions, the most recent iteration of the checklists is utilized. |
| Supplementary Checklist | You may include a checklist with your submission as supplementary material. |
| Introduction Note | At the end of the "Introduction" section, you may specify which reporting checklist guided your work. For instance, "This article follows the PRISMA reporting guidelines." |
| Recommended Reporting Checklists | Diagnostic Accuracy: STARD Checklist Randomized Controlled Trials: CONSORT Checklist Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: PRISMA Checklist Observational Studies (including cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional studies): STROBE Checklist Study Protocols: SPIRIT Checklist Clinical Practice Guidelines: AGREE Checklist Animal Preclinical Studies: ARRIVE Checklist Quality Improvement Studies: SQUIRE Checklist Prediction Model Development and Validation: TRIPOD Checklist Qualitative Research: SRQR Checklist Economic Evaluations: CHEERS Statement |
For a deeper understanding and further details, visit EQUATOR Network.
Statistical Considerations
Papers with statistical analysis should be prepared in consultation or coauthorship with someone who has statistical expertise.
Results should be presented with only as much precision as is of scientific value given the study context and sample size. P-values should generally be reported out to two decimal places if greater than .01, or three if between .001 and .01, and reported as “<.001” otherwise. P-values should be presented using two-sided tests, unless the study design specifies that a one-sided test is required (eg, noninferiority studies). Measures of association, odds ratios, correlation coefficients, or diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, etc) should ordinarily be reported to two digits past the decimal place unless the scientific context warrants greater precision.
Here is a summary of most common thematic areas of comments, examples of issues, and suggestions on how to address:
| Comment | Issues Observed | Suggested Fixes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Presentation | 1. Statistical analysis plan | Statistical analysis section: i. Missing ii. Incomplete | i. If the manuscript presents quantitative statistics, include a Statistical Analysis subsection in the Methods. ii. Review results, tables, and figures for any analytic methods not described in the Statistical Analysis section. |
| 2. Results | i. Meaningless statistics presented without context ii. Missing confidence intervals iii. Too many significant digits | i. Avoid presenting F-statistics, Chi-square statistics, or P-values without estimates of between-group differences. ii. Include confidence intervals to demonstrate range of uncertainty in between-group differences. iii. For most AJNR articles, decimals can be rounded to two digits past the decimal point. P-values < .01 can be presented with up to three digits past the decimal point. | |
Statistical Analysis Methods | 3. Correlated data | Assumptions of statistical independence fail when observations are correlated: i. Bilateral parts of same body included ii. Repeated scans on same body included | Potential fixes for both i. and ii. include: 1. Demonstrate that data included on same subject data are statistically independent. 2. Use GEE or LME models (if sufficient sample size). 3. Bootstrap resampling of patients with repeated analyses. 4. Include one observation per subject. |
| 4. Diagnostic test | i. Information of analysis methods was not presented. ii. AUC value presented but no 95% confidence interval iii. Analysis software was not described iv. Sensitivity and specificity were used, but it is unclear how the optimal cutoff was selected | i. The manuscript mentions performing diagnostic analyses using AUROC, sensitivity, and specificity. However, the methods for these analyses are not described in the manuscript. Please provide a detailed description of the methodology used. ii. Please include the 95% confidence intervals for the AUROC values to provide a more comprehensive assessment of diagnostic performance. iii. Please include details of all the software packages used in the analysis, along with their version numbers, in the methods section to enhance reproducibility and transparency. iv. Please describe the approach used to determine the optimal cutoff for calculating sensitivity and specificity. Were any statistical methods, such as Youden index, applied in this process? | |
| 5. Multivariate/univariate regression | i. P values are presented with too many digits or too few digits ii. Analysis software information is not present iii. Covariate coefficients or odds ratios were estimated but no 95% confidence interval is present iv. Details regarding variables for multivariable regression are missing | i. Abstract/ Results/Tables: P values .01 and greater can be rounded to two digits past the decimal point, those less than .01 can be rounded to three digits past the decimal point, or <.001 if appropriate. ii. Please include information of the analysis software in the method section, eg, R version 4.4.1. iii. For covariate coefficient estimation and odds ratios, please provide both the point estimates and their 95% confidence intervals. iv. Details regarding the multivariate logistic regression are unclear. For instance, were key patient covariates, such as age and gender, included in the multivariate analysis? Please provide more comprehensive details on the methodology, including the selection of variables and model-building process, along with the associated results in the manuscript. | |
| Design | 6. Research approach | Primary question of interest not supported by tables, figures, and results | Review the stated purpose of the study in the Introduction. Reflect on which of the included tables, figures, and results address the stated question(s) of interest. |
| 7. Confounding | Confounding by indication; groups clinically or demographically different | Use multivariable adjustment, propensity scores, and/or matching to account for potentially confounding variables. |
Level 1 Evidence-Based Medicine Expedited Program
Submission of properly designed randomized trials (EBM Level 1) will be given priority at every stage of the review process, from submission to publication. Authors who want to take advantage of this new program should follow these simple guidelines:
- Contact via email the Editor-in-Chief (mw.ajnr.eic@gmail.com) prior to submission to let him know such an article is being prepared.
- Once the article is submitted, the Editor-in-Chief will review it immediately and decide if it is an EBM Level 1 article.
Systematic Reviews/Meta-Analyses
In general, meta-analyses and systematic reviews should follow the Original Research submission guidelines shown above and can be submitted under the "Original Research" manuscript type in Manuscript Central. However, the abstract format differs. Please include the following subheadings in a meta-analysis or systematic review abstract:
- Background
- Purpose
- Data Sources
- Study Selection
- Data Analysis
- Data Synthesis
- Limitations
- Conclusions
An Abstract example is shown here.
Meta-analyses and systematic reviews must follow the PRISMA guidelines, and authors should upload a copy of the PRISMA checklist to their Manuscript Files. For more information, please review the PRISMA statement.
Review Articles
Authors are encouraged to contact the Editor-in-Chief (mw.ajnr.eic@gmail.com) before preparing an unsolicited Review Article to avoid duplication of other work already in progress.
| Manuscript Sections | |
|---|---|
| Abstract | The abstract should be a one-paragraph summary of the article. |
| Text | After a brief introduction, this section may be divided into subsections to facilitate reading the paper. Discuss pertinent background information, review the major findings of articles published in the past and the limitations of these studies, the implications for patient care, and potential directions for future research. |
| Tables and Figures | If tables and graphic material will ease the understanding of the results, include them. However, when the results can be summarized easily in a narrative form, do not use tables. Cite figures to illustrate findings. |
Clinical Reports
These are series of cases (more than five) that are retrospective and descriptive.
| Abstract | The abstract should be a one-paragraph summary of the article. |
|---|---|
| Introduction | Describe the essence of the report. |
| Case Series | Describe the case series. Write in the past tense. |
| Discussion | Highlight the educational value of the case series. |
Radiology-Pathology Correlations
Radiology-Pathology Correlation articles will correlate the imaging findings with the histology to help build confidence in determining concordance (or discordance) by better understanding how the particular entity results in the corresponding imaging findings. A pathologist must be included as an author on each submission.
| Abstract | The abstract should be a one-paragraph summary of the article. |
|---|---|
| Introduction | Describe the essence of the paper. |
| Imaging | Describe the imaging findings. |
| Operative Report | Describe the approach and course of operation. |
| Pathology | Describe the pathology. |
| Discussion | Highlight the educational value of the content. |
| Case Summary | Provide a summary of the case. |
Point/Counterpoint Articles (for each side)
Expert commentaries debating a controversial clinical issue. Each side of the debate makes their argument about the same controversial topic.
| Abstract | The abstract should be a one-paragraph summary of the article. |
|---|
Brief/Technical Reports
Brief/Technical Reports should be unusually educational or medically important but have limited or preliminary data. Novel imaging sequences or technical applications would also be appropriate for this category. This category, however, is not intended for case reports. Publication of Brief Reports/Technical Notes is limited to 2 per issue.
| Abstract | The abstract should be a one-paragraph summary of the article. |
|---|
State of Practice (formerly known as White Papers and Perspectives)
State of Practice manuscripts (formerly known as White Papers and Perspectives) provide an opportunity to discuss developments in a specific field of neuroradiology, which may give rise to new questions and pose unforeseen challenges to the community. These articles can focus on methodologic, research, or clinical aspects as well as Quality Improvement Projects. Similar to Review Articles, they include a broad literature search. However, in contrast to reviews, they focus on providing a framework or solution relevant to the covered topic. Authors will have significant prior expertise and contributions relevant to the topic. For Quality Improvement Projects, authors should structure the content in accordance with the SQUIRE guidelines. These manuscripts are peer-reviewed.
| Title | Should include: "State of Practice" |
|---|---|
| Abstract | Background. Should describe the content of the article. Methods. Should describe the group issuing the State of Practice and the approach they used to formulate the State of Practice. Key Message. Should convey the main take-away point for the readers Total length of abstract should be 300 words or less. |
| Text | After a brief introduction, this section may be divided into subsections to facilitate reading the paper. Discuss pertinent background information, focus on the major findings of articles published within the last 5 years, and the limitations of these studies. Then, a proposed framework or solution may be provided. The potential implications for patient care should also be discussed. For Quality Improvement Projects, authors should structure the content in accordance with the SQUIRE guidelines. |
| Tables and Figures | If tables and graphic material will ease the understanding of the results, include them. However, when the results can be summarized easily in a narrative form, do not use tables. Cite figures to illustrate findings. For Quality Improvement Projects, authors should include figures such as Ishikawa diagrams, driver diagrams, Pareto charts, run charts, etc. |
Video Articles
The objective of this Video Article section is to enable authors to showcase procedural techniques and imaging advances in neuroradiology to the AJNR readership. These may include diagnostic developments or techniques employed in more routine procedures as well as innovative applications that are not commonly adopted.
The majority of the video should include live fluoroscopic or intraprocedural footage (~50%), rather than slide or static images. Videos should be less than 10 minutes in length, highlight one procedure/topic, and be narrated with pertinent recordings. The title slide should be created using the AJNR Technical Video Template. Videos must be accompanied by an abstract. The abstract, along with associated citations, will be published and indexed.
Abstract/Structure: 150 words; single paragraph.
Video Template:
- Please use the template provided. Use categories that are applicable to your video article type.
- Please submit two versions of the video article: one BLINDED version (no information that would allow for author or institution identification including Disclosures) and one complete version
- HIPPA compliant. Demographic-including gender pronouns should be avoided.
- Speaker should not be identifiable on the video.
- Number of authors: 5 or less
References: Less than 20 should be included within the video
Video quality: 720p or higher (submitted either MP4, AVI, or MOV file type)
File size: Maximum 500 MB (350 MB per file)
The reviewers will assess the video articles based on the following criteria:
- Category: Basic, Intermediate, Advanced
- Clarity of speech
- Efficiency and utility of still and/or dynamic imagery
- Use of original graphics, figures, charts, tables, and other visual content
- Whether the video article HIPPA compliant
- Relevance and choice of references
eLetters to the Editor (and Responses)
eLetters to the Editor express constructive observations or criticisms of published material. These manuscripts must be received within two months after print publication of any article upon which the Letter offers commentary or criticism. You can submit an eLetter from the article page, starting in the “Response” tab. Here is a short video that shows you how to submit an eLetter to the Editor.
EDITORIALS
Editorials expresses an opinion relative to the practice of neuroradiology. Contact Editor-in-Chief Max Wintermark if you are interested in submitting an editorial. Please also look at the “State of Practice” as a potential better fit for your idea.
Obituaries
Obituaries are published at the discretion of the Editor-in-Chief. They will only be considered for the following individuals: ASNR Past Presidents, ASNR Founders, ASNR Honorary Members, AJNR Editors, and individuals who are judged to have had significant impact in neuroradiology. Please contact the Editor-in-Chief before submitting an obituary.
Book Reviews
Book Reviews are now posted online. Queries may be directed to the Book Reviews Editor, Dr. Robert M. Quencer.
AJNR Case Collection
Section Editors: Anvita Pauranik, MD; Michael Travis Caton, MD; Simona Gaudino, MD; Matthew S. Parsons, MD; Anat Yahav-Dovrat, MD
View this video for step-by-step guidance on preparing DICOM images for publication.
Maximum 5 authors per case.
Cases need to be interesting and educational. Case acceptance is based entirely upon the discretion of the AJNR Case Collection Section Editors. Upon receiving the case, a decision letter will be sent within approximately 2 weeks.
Topics of Interest: All properly submitted cases will be reviewed and considered for publication in light of their educational value. Nevertheless, we would encourage submitting cases that represent the following scenarios:
- Classic "Aunt Minnie" cases where imaging findings are so characteristic that they allow for an immediate and confident diagnosis without the need for an extensive differential
- Mimics where imaging findings can have a significant impact on clinical conduct (eg, benign lesions mimicking aggressive tumors, neoplastic lesions that mimic a benign lesion)
- Typical manifestations of uncommon diseases, especially when imaging characteristics are key for the correct diagnosis
- Rare manifestations of typical diseases, where the diagnosis could have been done correctly in light of imaging findings and/or clinical characteristics
- Cases where advanced MR techniques can help in making the correct diagnosis or narrow the differential significantly
- Submissions of educational interventional neuroradiology cases where conventional or cross-sectional angiographic techniques are showcased
We recommend the authors to review the Case Diagnosis Archive to check on prior submitted cases. The reviewers will give priority to those cases where the final diagnosis has not been previously discussed in this section. Repeated cases will be reviewed and considered for publication if they represent an improvement or a significant update of their prior appearance.
Guidelines for Figures:
- 1-4 stacks of anonymized DICOM images:
- Export images from PACS.
- Upload images as a stack (10-30 images preferred).
- Resolution and Optimization: Images should have native resolution and be optimized for contrast/brightness.
- 1-4 anonymized images are accepted but stacks of DICOM images are preferred
- Export images from PACS, avoid screen photographs
- Upload as single images
- Resolution and Optimization: Images should have native resolution and be optimized for contrast/brightness.
- All images or image sets need to be uploaded twice: once without annotations and once with annotations.
Discussion: Maximum 400 words, structured info:
- Background (optional)
- Clinical Perspective (optional)
- Imaging Perspective: Please expand the differential diagnosis section by adding imaging features that help differentiating each of the mentioned differential diagnosis
- Outcome (optional)
- Anatomy Pearl / Take Home Message / Teaching Points
References: 3 references maximum: Cited in the text and listed in numerical order with PubMed IDs where possible.
