std::atomic_fetch_sub, std::atomic_fetch_sub_explicit

 

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Atomic types atomic (C++11) atomic_ref (C++20) atomic_flag (C++11) Initialization of atomic types atomic_init (C++11)(deprecated in C++20) ATOMIC_VAR_INIT (C++11)(deprecated in C++20) ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT (C++11) Memory ordering memory_order (C++11) kill_dependency (C++11)(deprecated in C++26) atomic_thread_fence (C++11) atomic_signal_fence (C++11) Free functions for atomic operations atomic_storeatomic_store_explicit (C++11)(C++11) atomic_loadatomic_load_explicit (C++11)(C++11) atomic_exchangeatomic_exchange_explicit (C++11)(C++11) atomic_compare_exchange_weakatomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicitatomic_compare_exchange_strongatomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) atomic_fetch_addatomic_fetch_add_explicit (C++11)(C++11) atomic_fetch_subatomic_fetch_sub_explicit (C++11)(C++11) atomic_fetch_andatomic_fetch_and_explicit (C++11)(C++11) atomic_fetch_oratomic_fetch_or_explicit (C++11)(C++11) atomic_fetch_xoratomic_fetch_xor_explicit (C++11)(C++11) atomic_fetch_maxatomic_fetch_max_explicit (C++26)(C++26) atomic_fetch_minatomic_fetch_min_explicit (C++26)(C++26) atomic_is_lock_free (C++11) atomic_waitatomic_wait_explicit (C++20)(C++20) atomic_notify_one (C++20) atomic_notify_all (C++20) Free functions for atomic flags atomic_flag_test_and_setatomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit (C++11)(C++11) atomic_flag_clearatomic_flag_clear_explicit (C++11)(C++11) atomic_flag_testatomic_flag_test_explicit (C++20)(C++20) atomic_flag_waitatomic_flag_wait_explicit (C++20)(C++20) atomic_flag_notify_one (C++20) atomic_flag_notify_all (C++20)

 

Defined in header <atomic>
template<class T > T atomic_fetch_sub(std::atomic<T>* obj,                     typenamestd::atomic<T>::difference_type arg )noexcept;	(1)	(since C++11)
template<class T > T atomic_fetch_sub(volatilestd::atomic<T>* obj,                     typenamestd::atomic<T>::difference_type arg )noexcept;	(2)	(since C++11)
template<class T > T atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(std::atomic<T>* obj,                              typenamestd::atomic<T>::difference_type arg,                              std::memory_order order )noexcept;	(3)	(since C++11)
template<class T > T atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(volatilestd::atomic<T>* obj,                              typenamestd::atomic<T>::difference_type arg,                              std::memory_order order )noexcept;	(4)	(since C++11)

Performs atomic subtraction. Atomically subtracts arg from the value pointed to by obj and returns the value obj held previously. The operation is performed as if the following was executed:

1,2)obj->fetch_sub(arg)

3,4)obj->fetch_sub(arg, order)

If std::atomic<T> has no fetch_sub member (this member is only provided for integral, floating-point(since C++20) and pointer types except bool), the program is ill-formed.

Parameters

obj	-	pointer to the atomic object to modify
arg	-	the value to subtract from the value stored in the atomic object
order	-	the memory synchronization ordering

Return value

The value immediately preceding the effects of this function in the modification order of *obj.

Example

Multiple threads may use std::atomic_fetch_sub to concurrently process an indexed container.

Run this code

#include <atomic>#include <iostream>#include <numeric>#include <string>#include <thread>#include <vector>   constint N =50;std::atomic<int> cnt;std::vector<int> data(N);   void reader(int id){for(;;){int idx = atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(&cnt, 1, std::memory_order_relaxed);if(idx >=0)std::cout<<"reader "<<std::to_string(id)<<" processed item "<<std::to_string(data[idx])<<'\n';else{std::cout<<"reader "<<std::to_string(id)<<" done\n";break;}}}   int main(){std::iota(data.begin(), data.end(), 1); cnt = data.size()-1;   std::vector<std::thread> v;for(int n =0; n <5;++n) v.emplace_back(reader, n);for(auto& t : v) t.join();}

Output:

reader 2 processed item 50 reader 1 processed item 44 reader 4 processed item 46 <....> reader 0 done reader 4 done reader 3 done

Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR	Applied to	Behavior as published	Correct behavior
P0558R1	C++11	exact type match was required because T was deduced from multiple arguments	T is only deduced from obj

See also

fetch_sub	atomically subtracts the argument from the value stored in the atomic object and obtains the value held previously (public member function of std::atomic<T>)
atomic_fetch_addatomic_fetch_add_explicit (C++11)(C++11)	adds a non-atomic value to an atomic object and obtains the previous value of the atomic (function template)
C documentation for atomic_fetch_sub, atomic_fetch_sub_explicit