131

I am trying to run a Selenium Webdriver script in Python to do some basic tasks. I can get the robot to function perfectly when running it through the Selenium IDE inteface (ie: when simply getting the GUI to repeat my actions). However when I export the code as a Python script and try to execute it from the command line, the Firefox browser will open but cannot ever access the starting URL (an error is returned to command line and the program stops). This is happening me regardless of what website etc I am trying to access.

I have included a very basic code here for demonstration purposes. I don't think that I have included the proxy section of the code correctly as the error being returned seems to be generated by the proxy.

Any help would be hugely appreciated.

The below code is simply meant to open www.google.ie and search for the word "selenium". For me it opens a blank firefox browser and stops.

from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException import unittest, time, re from selenium.webdriver.common.proxy import * class Testrobot2(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): myProxy = "http://149.215.113.110:70" proxy = Proxy({ 'proxyType': ProxyType.MANUAL, 'httpProxy': myProxy, 'ftpProxy': myProxy, 'sslProxy': myProxy, 'noProxy':''}) self.driver = webdriver.Firefox(proxy=proxy) self.driver.implicitly_wait(30) self.base_url = "https://www.google.ie/" self.verificationErrors = [] self.accept_next_alert = True def test_robot2(self): driver = self.driver driver.get(self.base_url + "/#gs_rn=17&gs_ri=psy-ab&suggest=p&cp=6&gs_id=ix&xhr=t&q=selenium&es_nrs=true&pf=p&output=search&sclient=psy-ab&oq=seleni&gs_l=&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&bvm=bv.47883778,d.ZGU&fp=7c0d9024de9ac6ab&biw=592&bih=665") driver.find_element_by_id("gbqfq").clear() driver.find_element_by_id("gbqfq").send_keys("selenium") def is_element_present(self, how, what): try: self.driver.find_element(by=how, value=what) except NoSuchElementException, e: return False return True def is_alert_present(self): try: self.driver.switch_to_alert() except NoAlertPresentException, e: return False return True def close_alert_and_get_its_text(self): try: alert = self.driver.switch_to_alert() alert_text = alert.text if self.accept_next_alert: alert.accept() else: alert.dismiss() return alert_text finally: self.accept_next_alert = True def tearDown(self): self.driver.quit() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) if __name__ == "__main__": unittest.main() 
0

    18 Answers 18

    77

    Works for me this way (similar to @Amey and @user4642224 code, but shorter a bit):

    from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.proxy import Proxy, ProxyType prox = Proxy() prox.proxy_type = ProxyType.MANUAL prox.http_proxy = "ip_addr:port" prox.socks_proxy = "ip_addr:port" prox.ssl_proxy = "ip_addr:port" capabilities = webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.CHROME prox.add_to_capabilities(capabilities) driver = webdriver.Chrome(desired_capabilities=capabilities) 
    5
    • 2
      this works, thank you. strange that the docs say that you need to use the remote driver.
      – Mans
      CommentedJun 5, 2018 at 15:32
    • driver = webdriver.Firefox(desired_capabilities=capabilities) TypeError: __init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'desired_capabilities' why?
      – Rimo
      CommentedMar 15, 2019 at 14:32
    • 11
      This answer does not work for me, I get an error "Specifying 'socksProxy' requires an integer for 'socksVersion'".
      – Alex
      CommentedOct 18, 2021 at 10:50
    • 3
      @Alex Depending on the proxy you're using, just add prox.socks_version = 5 or prox.socks_version = 4. That should clear up the error.
      – Mew
      CommentedFeb 27, 2022 at 21:00
    • 2
      Thanks a lot. This worked absolutely fine for me. I removed prox.socks_proxy = "ip_addr:port" prox.ssl_proxy = "ip_addr:port" and added prox.https_proxy = "ip_addr:port"CommentedMar 25, 2022 at 4:50
    41

    How about something like this

    PROXY = "149.215.113.110:70" webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX['proxy'] = { "httpProxy":PROXY, "ftpProxy":PROXY, "sslProxy":PROXY, "noProxy":None, "proxyType":"MANUAL", "class":"org.openqa.selenium.Proxy", "autodetect":False } # you have to use remote, otherwise you'll have to code it yourself in python to driver = webdriver.Remote("http://localhost:4444/wd/hub", webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX) 

    You can read more about it here.

    2
    • This answer worked well for me. In case anyone else is trying to do this with Edge, webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.EDGE['proxy'] has no effect because Microsoft Edge currently doesn't have a setting to configure a proxy server (to use Edge with a proxy, you must configure the proxy under the Windows network connection settings).
      – Steve HHH
      CommentedNov 3, 2015 at 22:55
    • 1
      For full detailed document, see: github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki/…
      – LeckieNi
      CommentedJan 5, 2018 at 6:23
    17

    My solution:

    def my_proxy(PROXY_HOST,PROXY_PORT): fp = webdriver.FirefoxProfile() # Direct = 0, Manual = 1, PAC = 2, AUTODETECT = 4, SYSTEM = 5 print PROXY_PORT print PROXY_HOST fp.set_preference("network.proxy.type", 1) fp.set_preference("network.proxy.http",PROXY_HOST) fp.set_preference("network.proxy.http_port",int(PROXY_PORT)) fp.set_preference("general.useragent.override","whater_useragent") fp.update_preferences() return webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile=fp) 

    Then call in your code:

    my_proxy(PROXY_HOST,PROXY_PORT) 

    I had issues with this code because I was passing a string as a port #:

     PROXY_PORT="31280" 

    This is important:

    int("31280") 

    You must pass an integer instead of a string or your firefox profile will not be set to a properly port and connection through proxy will not work.

    3
    • 1
      Port needs to be converted to int? That would make the Firefox proxy example on the official page wrong: seleniumhq.org/docs/04_webdriver_advanced.jsp In their example, PROXYHOST:PROXYPORT is passed as a string.
      – Pyderman
      CommentedOct 19, 2015 at 15:58
    • @Pyderman, you're confusing Proxy() class with FirefoxProfile() class. Using profile preferences you have to pass ip and port separately, and casting port to int(). In Proxy() class you just pass the string containig "IP:PORT", and surely it does the rest of work for you.
      – m3nda
      CommentedJun 2, 2017 at 21:30
    • Also firefox_profile has been deprecated, please pass in an Options object See stackoverflow.com/a/70937472/11351291 @Zyy AnswerCommentedDec 25, 2022 at 13:15
    16

    It's quite an old post, however, for others, it might still benefit by providing the answer as of today, and yet originally author was extremely close to a working solution.

    First of all, the ftpProxy setting is no longer supported at this time and will throw an error

    proxy = Proxy({ 'proxyType': ProxyType.MANUAL, 'httpProxy': myProxy, 'ftpProxy': myProxy, # this will throw an error 'sslProxy': myProxy, 'noProxy':''}) 

    Next, instead of setting the proxy property, you should be using firefox options like so

    proxy = Proxy({ 'proxyType': ProxyType.MANUAL, 'httpProxy': myProxy, 'sslProxy': myProxy, 'noProxy': ''}) options = Options() options.proxy = proxy driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options) 

    Additionally, don't define the scheme when specifying the proxy, especially if you want to use the same proxy for multiple protocols

    myProxy = "149.215.113.110:70" 

    All together it looks like this

    from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.proxy import * from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options myProxy = "149.215.113.110:70" proxy = Proxy({ 'proxyType': ProxyType.MANUAL, 'httpProxy': myProxy, 'sslProxy': myProxy, 'noProxy': ''}) options = Options() options.proxy = proxy driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options) driver.get("https://www.google.ie") 
    1
    • and in the case of authentication?CommentedJan 21, 2023 at 12:48
    9

    Proxy with verification. This is a whole new python script in reference from a Mykhail Martsyniuk sample script.

    # Load webdriver from selenium import webdriver # Load proxy option from selenium.webdriver.common.proxy import Proxy, ProxyType # Configure Proxy Option prox = Proxy() prox.proxy_type = ProxyType.MANUAL # Proxy IP & Port prox.http_proxy = “0.0.0.0:00000” prox.socks_proxy = “0.0.0.0:00000” prox.ssl_proxy = “0.0.0.0:00000” # Configure capabilities capabilities = webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.CHROME prox.add_to_capabilities(capabilities) # Configure ChromeOptions driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='/usr/local/share chromedriver',desired_capabilities=capabilities) # Verify proxy ip driver.get("http://www.whatsmyip.org/") 
      8

      Try setting up sock5 proxy too. I was facing the same problem and it is solved by using the socks proxy

      def install_proxy(PROXY_HOST,PROXY_PORT): fp = webdriver.FirefoxProfile() print PROXY_PORT print PROXY_HOST fp.set_preference("network.proxy.type", 1) fp.set_preference("network.proxy.http",PROXY_HOST) fp.set_preference("network.proxy.http_port",int(PROXY_PORT)) fp.set_preference("network.proxy.https",PROXY_HOST) fp.set_preference("network.proxy.https_port",int(PROXY_PORT)) fp.set_preference("network.proxy.ssl",PROXY_HOST) fp.set_preference("network.proxy.ssl_port",int(PROXY_PORT)) fp.set_preference("network.proxy.ftp",PROXY_HOST) fp.set_preference("network.proxy.ftp_port",int(PROXY_PORT)) fp.set_preference("network.proxy.socks",PROXY_HOST) fp.set_preference("network.proxy.socks_port",int(PROXY_PORT)) fp.set_preference("general.useragent.override","Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_3) AppleWebKit/537.75.14 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/7.0.3 Safari/7046A194A") fp.update_preferences() return webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile=fp) 

      Then call install_proxy ( ip , port ) from your program.

      1
      • how would you modify this to accept proxy credentials?
        – nomaam
        CommentedJan 3, 2020 at 23:41
      8

      If anyone is looking for a solution here's how :

      from selenium import webdriver PROXY = "YOUR_PROXY_ADDRESS_HERE" webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX['proxy']={ "httpProxy":PROXY, "ftpProxy":PROXY, "sslProxy":PROXY, "noProxy":None, "proxyType":"MANUAL", "autodetect":False } driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get('http://www.whatsmyip.org/') 
      0
        6

        The result stated above may be correct, but isn't working with the latest webdriver. Here is my solution for the above question. Simple and sweet

         http_proxy = "ip_addr:port" https_proxy = "ip_addr:port" webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX['proxy']={ "httpProxy":http_proxy, "sslProxy":https_proxy, "proxyType":"MANUAL" } driver = webdriver.Firefox() 

        OR

         http_proxy = "http://ip:port" https_proxy = "https://ip:port" proxyDict = { "http" : http_proxy, "https" : https_proxy, } driver = webdriver.Firefox(proxy=proxyDict) 
        0
          6

          This helps me in September 2022 - proxy for selenium with Auth user+password

          import os import zipfile from selenium import webdriver PROXY_HOST = '192.168.3.2' # rotating proxy or host PROXY_PORT = 8080 # port PROXY_USER = 'proxy-user' # username PROXY_PASS = 'proxy-password' # password manifest_json = """ { "version": "1.0.0", "manifest_version": 2, "name": "Chrome Proxy", "permissions": [ "proxy", "tabs", "unlimitedStorage", "storage", "<all_urls>", "webRequest", "webRequestBlocking" ], "background": { "scripts": ["background.js"] }, "minimum_chrome_version":"22.0.0" } """ background_js = """ var config = { mode: "fixed_servers", rules: { singleProxy: { scheme: "http", host: "%s", port: parseInt(%s) }, bypassList: ["localhost"] } }; chrome.proxy.settings.set({value: config, scope: "regular"}, function() {}); function callbackFn(details) { return { authCredentials: { username: "%s", password: "%s" } }; } chrome.webRequest.onAuthRequired.addListener( callbackFn, {urls: ["<all_urls>"]}, ['blocking'] ); """ % (PROXY_HOST, PROXY_PORT, PROXY_USER, PROXY_PASS) def get_chromedriver(use_proxy=False, user_agent=None): path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() if use_proxy: pluginfile = 'proxy_auth_plugin.zip' with zipfile.ZipFile(pluginfile, 'w') as zp: zp.writestr("manifest.json", manifest_json) zp.writestr("background.js", background_js) chrome_options.add_extension(pluginfile) if user_agent: chrome_options.add_argument('--user-agent=%s' % user_agent) driver = webdriver.Chrome( os.path.join(path, 'chromedriver'), chrome_options=chrome_options) return driver def main(): driver = get_chromedriver(use_proxy=True) driver.get('https://ifconfig.me/) if __name__ == '__main__': main() 

          source link

            4

            Try by Setting up FirefoxProfile

            from selenium import webdriver import time "Define Both ProxyHost and ProxyPort as String" ProxyHost = "54.84.95.51" ProxyPort = "8083" def ChangeProxy(ProxyHost ,ProxyPort): "Define Firefox Profile with you ProxyHost and ProxyPort" profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile() profile.set_preference("network.proxy.type", 1) profile.set_preference("network.proxy.http", ProxyHost ) profile.set_preference("network.proxy.http_port", int(ProxyPort)) profile.update_preferences() return webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile=profile) def FixProxy(): ""Reset Firefox Profile"" profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile() profile.set_preference("network.proxy.type", 0) return webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile=profile) driver = ChangeProxy(ProxyHost ,ProxyPort) driver.get("http://whatismyipaddress.com") time.sleep(5) driver = FixProxy() driver.get("http://whatismyipaddress.com") 

            This program tested on both Windows 8 and Mac OSX. If you are using Mac OSX and if you don't have selenium updated then you may face selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException. If so, then try again after upgrading your selenium

            pip install -U selenium 
              3

              The answers above and on this question either didn't work for me with Selenium 3.14 and Firefox 68.9 on Linux, or are unnecessarily complex. I needed to use a WPAD configuration, sometimes behind a proxy (on a VPN), and sometimes not. After studying the code a bit, I came up with:

              from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.proxy import Proxy from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile proxy = Proxy({'proxyAutoconfigUrl': 'http://wpad/wpad.dat'}) profile = FirefoxProfile() profile.set_proxy(proxy) driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile=profile) 

              The Proxy initialization sets proxyType to ProxyType.PAC (autoconfiguration from a URL) as a side-effect.

              It also worked with Firefox's autodetect, using:

              from selenium.webdriver.common.proxy import ProxyType proxy = Proxy({'proxyType': ProxyType.AUTODETECT}) 

              But I don't think this would work with both internal URLs (not proxied) and external (proxied) the way WPAD does. Similar proxy settings should work for manual configuration as well. The possible proxy settings can be seen in the code here.

              Note that directly passing the Proxy object as proxy=proxy to the driver does NOT work--it's accepted but ignored (there should be a deprecation warning, but in my case I think Behave is swallowing it).

                3

                This worked for me and allow to use an headless browser, you just need to call the method passing your proxy.

                def setProxy(proxy): options = Options() options.headless = True #options.add_argument("--window-size=1920,1200") options.add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage") options.add_argument("--no-sandbox") prox = Proxy() prox.proxy_type = ProxyType.MANUAL prox.http_proxy = proxy prox.ssl_proxy = proxy capabilities = webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.CHROME prox.add_to_capabilities(capabilities) return webdriver.Chrome(desired_capabilities=capabilities, options=options, executable_path=DRIVER_PATH) 
                  3

                  Surprised to see no examples of using authenticated proxies.

                  October 2022 solution for authenticated proxies (Firefox & Chrome):

                  from selenium import webdriver PROXY_HOST = "0.0.0.0"; PROXY_PORT = "0000" PROXY_USERNAME = "user" PROXY_PASS = "pass" # If you're using Firefox profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile() profile.set_preference("network.proxy.type", 1) profile.set_preference("network.proxy.http",PROXY_HOST) profile.set_preference("network.proxy.http_port", PROXY_PORT) fp.set_preference('network.proxy.no_proxies_on', 'localhost, 127.0.0.1') credentials = '%s:%s' % (PROXY_USERNAME, PROXY_PASS) credentials = b64encode(credentials.encode('ascii')).decode('utf-8') fp.set_preference('extensions.closeproxyauth.authtoken', credentials) driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile=profile) # If you're using Chrome chrome_options = WebDriver.ChromeOptions() options.add_argument('--proxy-server=http://%s:%s@%s:%s' % (PROXY_HOST, PROXY_PORT, PROXY_USERNAME, PROXY_PASS)) driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='chromedriver.exe', chrome_options=chrome_options) # Proxied request driver.get("https://www.google.com") 
                  2
                  • options.add_argument('--proxy-server=http://%s:%s@%s:%s' % (PROXY_HOST, PROXY_PORT, PROXY_USERNAME, PROXY_PASS)) the username & password should appear before the hostname
                    – masroore
                    CommentedApr 19, 2023 at 7:00
                  • Also, the chrome arguements doesn't work. Chrome cannot handle proxy authentication via arguments, the above code results in ERR_NO_SUPPORTED_PROXIES error on chrome
                    – masroore
                    CommentedApr 19, 2023 at 8:18
                  2

                  As stated by @Dugini, some config entries have been removed. Maximal:

                  webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX['proxy'] = { "httpProxy":PROXY, "ftpProxy":PROXY, "sslProxy":PROXY, "noProxy":[], "proxyType":"MANUAL" } 
                    2

                    January 2023 solution with authentication and SSL for Firefox

                    from selenium import webdriver PROXY_HOST = "ip" PROXY_PORT = "port" PROXY_USERNAME = "username" PROXY_PASS = "password" profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile() profile.set_preference("network.proxy.type", 1) profile.set_preference('network.proxy.ssl_port', int(PROXY_PORT)) profile.set_preference('network.proxy.ssl', PROXY_HOST) profile.set_preference("network.proxy.http", PROXY_HOST) profile.set_preference("network.proxy.http_port", int(PROXY_PORT)) profile.set_preference("network.proxy.no_proxies_on", 'localhost, 127.0.0.1') profile.set_preference("network.proxy.socks_username", PROXY_USERNAME) profile.set_preference("network.proxy.socks_password", PROXY_PASS) profile.update_preferences() driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile=profile) driver.get("https://2ip.ru") 

                    Also there is a possibility you might need to lock in your ip address in proxy provider account settings. Otherwise you will be prompt to enter credentials on page load.

                      1

                      Scraping the data from any online source is quite easy when scraping APIs are used. You can try using scraper API to scrape the information from webpages and it automatically parses the web data. API can be integrated into your source code as well. Other than using API to scrape data, you can try the under-mentioned source code in beautiful soup to scrape data using CSS selectors. Before trying this code, please note that the select() method can be utilized to find numerous elements. Along with that, select_one() to be used search single element.

                      Source Code:

                      from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options PROXY = "177.46.141.143:59393" #your proxy (ip address: port no) chrome_options = WebDriverWait.ChromeOptions() chrome_options.add_argument('--proxy-server=%s' % PROXY) chrome = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options) chrome.get("https://www.ipchicken.com/") 
                        1

                        Authenticated proxy support. September 2023

                        I know of 2 ways to support authenticated proxies in selenium. I will showcase both.

                        Method 1:selenium-wire

                        If you're willing to download another library, which extends the base selenium library. Authenticated proxy support can be added via the selenium-wire library.

                        It should be noted, using this method will cause the browser to state the connection is 'unsecure' as seleniumwire uses it's own root certificate to intercept requests. It is possible to download seleniumwire's certificate and prevent this, however for this example i will not do that and will instead choose to ignore the unsecured warning. If this is not ideal, and you do not wish to download the root certificiate, see method 2. See here for more information regarding seleniumwire's certificate handling.

                        See the code below for an implementation utilising the selenium-wire library.

                        from seleniumwire import webdriver proxy_host = "your_host" proxy_port = 8888 proxy_user = "your_username" proxy_pass = "your_password" seleniumwire_options = { "proxy":{ "http":f"http://{proxy_user}:{proxy_pass}@{proxy_host}:{proxy_port}", "verify_ssl":False, } } chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() options.add_argument('--ignore-certificate-errors') #ignore the 'unsecured' warning caused by seleniumwires root certificate (if certificate is not installed) driver = webdriver.Chrome( options=chrome_options, seleniumwire_options=seleniumwire_options, ) driver.get('http://httpbin.org/ip') input() driver.quit() 

                        Method 2:Chrome-extension

                        Another way to use a proxy in selenium is by using a chrome extension that automatically loads the proxy to chrome, and authenticates it with the relative auth credentials when requested.

                        I will use a chrome extension, similar to that posed by @Jackssn , but rewritten to support manifest v3; as v2 has become deprecated in 2023.

                        See the code below:

                        from selenium import webdriver from pathlib import Path import shutil ## js strings to be written to file when creating chrome extension ext_json_manifest = """{ "manifest_version": 3, "name": "Proxy Loader", "version": "1.0.0", "background":{ "service_worker":"service-worker.js" }, "permissions":[ "proxy", "webRequest", "webRequestAuthProvider" ], "host_permissions":[ "<all_urls>" ], "minimum_chrome_version": "108" }""" ext_js_serviceworker = """host = "%s" port = %s username = "%s" password = "%s" var config = { mode:"fixed_servers", rules:{ singleProxy:{ host:host, port:port, scheme:"http", }, bypassList:["localhost"] //wont use a proxy for these sites } } chrome.proxy.settings.set( {value:config,scope:"regular"}, function(){} ) // supply proxy auth credentials when prompted. chrome.webRequest.onAuthRequired.addListener( function(details) { // return { authCredentials:{ username:username, password:password } } }, { urls:["<all_urls>"] //which urls to provide credentials for }, ["blocking"] //block the request until auth details have been supplied )""" ## your proxy details proxy_host = "your_host" proxy_port = 8888 proxy_user = "your_username" proxy_pass = "your_password" ## create extension ext_path = "./extension/" Path(ext_path).mkdir(parents=True,exist_ok=True) with open(str(Path(ext_path).joinpath("manifest.json")),"w+") as f: f.write(ext_json_manifest) f.close() with open(str(Path(ext_path).joinpath("service-worker.js")),"w+") as f: f.write(ext_js_serviceworker % (proxy_host,proxy_port,proxy_user,proxy_pass)) f.close() ## configure and create driver options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() options.add_argument(f"--load-extension={str(Path(ext_path).absolute())}") driver = webdriver.Chrome( options=options ) ## delete extension once loaded. shutil.rmtree(ext_path) ## check selenium is using the proxy. driver.get('http://httpbin.org/ip') input() driver.quit() 
                          -4

                          try running tor service, add the following function to your code.

                          def connect_tor(port): socks.set_default_proxy(socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5, '127.0.0.1', port, True) socket.socket = socks.socksocket def main(): connect_tor() driver = webdriver.Firefox() 
                          2
                          • This post lacks information, connect_tor() and main() functions have no correct indentation, and connect_tor() call is missing the mandatory argument "port" on the example. Which tor port should I use? Where can I get Tor's port information?
                            – Karl
                            CommentedJun 28, 2020 at 21:34
                          • Tor network (even if adds an extra layer of anonymity) is very slow.
                            – Skeptic
                            CommentedJan 5, 2021 at 12:13

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