Вот очень простой пример триггерной функции, написанной на C. (Примеры триггеров для процедурных языков могут быть найдены в документации на процедурные языки.)

Функция trigf сообщает количество строк в таблице ttest и пропускает операцию для строки при попытке вставить пустое значение в столбец x. (Таким образом, триггер действует как ограничение NOT NULL, но не прерывает транзакцию.)

Вначале определение таблицы:

CREATE TABLE ttest ( x integer );

Теперь исходный код триггерной функции:

 #include "postgres.h" #include "fmgr.h" #include "executor/spi.h" /* this is what you need to work with SPI */ #include "commands/trigger.h" /* ... triggers ... */ #include "utils/rel.h" /* ... and relations */ PG_MODULE_MAGIC; PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(trigf); Datum trigf(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS) { TriggerData *trigdata = (TriggerData *) fcinfo->context; TupleDesc tupdesc; HeapTuple rettuple; char *when; bool checknull = false; bool isnull; int ret, i; /* make sure it's called as a trigger at all */ if (!CALLED_AS_TRIGGER(fcinfo)) elog(ERROR, "trigf: not called by trigger manager"); /* tuple to return to executor */ if (TRIGGER_FIRED_BY_UPDATE(trigdata->tg_event)) rettuple = trigdata->tg_newtuple; else rettuple = trigdata->tg_trigtuple; /* check for null values */ if (!TRIGGER_FIRED_BY_DELETE(trigdata->tg_event) && TRIGGER_FIRED_BEFORE(trigdata->tg_event)) checknull = true; if (TRIGGER_FIRED_BEFORE(trigdata->tg_event)) when = "before"; else when = "after "; tupdesc = trigdata->tg_relation->rd_att; /* connect to SPI manager */ if ((ret = SPI_connect()) < 0) elog(ERROR, "trigf (fired %s): SPI_connect returned %d", when, ret); /* get number of rows in table */ ret = SPI_exec("SELECT count(*) FROM ttest", 0); if (ret < 0) elog(ERROR, "trigf (fired %s): SPI_exec returned %d", when, ret); /* count(*) returns int8, so be careful to convert */ i = DatumGetInt64(SPI_getbinval(SPI_tuptable->vals[0], SPI_tuptable->tupdesc, 1, &isnull)); elog (INFO, "trigf (fired %s): there are %d rows in ttest", when, i); SPI_finish(); if (checknull) { SPI_getbinval(rettuple, tupdesc, 1, &isnull); if (isnull) rettuple = NULL; } return PointerGetDatum(rettuple); } 

После компиляции исходного кода (см. Подраздел 37.10.5) объявляем функцию и триггеры:

CREATE FUNCTION trigf() RETURNS trigger AS 'имя_файла' LANGUAGE C; CREATE TRIGGER tbefore BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON ttest FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION trigf(); CREATE TRIGGER tafter AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON ttest FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION trigf();

Теперь можно проверить работу триггера:

 => INSERT INTO ttest VALUES (NULL); INFO: trigf (fired before): there are 0 rows in ttest INSERT 0 0 -- Вставка записи пропущена (значение NULL), поэтому триггер AFTER не сработал => SELECT * FROM ttest; x --- (0 rows) => INSERT INTO ttest VALUES (1); INFO: trigf (fired before): there are 0 rows in ttest INFO: trigf (fired after ): there are 1 rows in ttest ^^^^^^^^ вспомните, что говорилось о видимости INSERT 167793 1 vac=> SELECT * FROM ttest; x --- 1 (1 row) => INSERT INTO ttest SELECT x * 2 FROM ttest; INFO: trigf (fired before): there are 1 rows in ttest INFO: trigf (fired after ): there are 2 rows in ttest ^^^^^^ вспомните, что говорилось о видимости INSERT 167794 1 => SELECT * FROM ttest; x --- 1 2 (2 rows) => UPDATE ttest SET x = NULL WHERE x = 2; INFO: trigf (fired before): there are 2 rows in ttest UPDATE 0 => UPDATE ttest SET x = 4 WHERE x = 2; INFO: trigf (fired before): there are 2 rows in ttest INFO: trigf (fired after ): there are 2 rows in ttest UPDATE 1 vac=> SELECT * FROM ttest; x --- 1 4 (2 rows) => DELETE FROM ttest; INFO: trigf (fired before): there are 2 rows in ttest INFO: trigf (fired before): there are 1 rows in ttest INFO: trigf (fired after ): there are 0 rows in ttest INFO: trigf (fired after ): there are 0 rows in ttest ^^^^^^ вспомните, что говорилось о видимости DELETE 2 => SELECT * FROM ttest; x --- (0 rows)