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ISO 639-5

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ISO 639-5:2008 "Codes for the representation of names of languages—Part 5: Alpha-3 code for language families and groups" is an international standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It was developed by ISO Technical Committee 37, Subcommittee 2, and first published on May 15, 2008. It is part of the ISO 639 series of standards.

Collective codes

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This is a list of ISO 639-5 codes, including the code hierarchy as given in the ISO 639-5 registry.[1] The code und (undetermined) from ISO 639-2 can be seen as top of the hierarchy (for example, und:aav, und:euq:eu). The hierarchy is not a complete genetic hierarchy; some of the collection codes are based on geography (like nai) or category (like crp) instead.

ISO 639-5 defines alpha-3 (3-letter) codes, called "collective codes", that identify language families and groups. As of the February 11, 2013, update to ISO 639-5, the standard defines 115 collective codes.[2][3] The United States Library of Congress maintains the list of Alpha-3 codes that comprise ISO 639-5.[4]

The standard does not cover all language families used by linguists. The languages covered by a group code need not be linguistically related, but may have a geographic relation, or category relation (such as Creoles).

Hierarchy639-5639-2Language collection nameNotes
aavaavAustro-Asiatic languagesSouth-Asiatic languages, not related to Australian languages
afaafaafa [5]Afro-Asiatic languages
nai:aql:algalgalg [6]Algonquian languages
nic:alvalvAtlantic-Congo languages
nai:xnd:ath:apaapaapa [7]Apache languages
sai:aqaaqaAlacalufan languages
nai:aqlaqlAlgic languages
artartart [8]Artificial languages
nai:xnd:athathath [9]Athapascan languages
sai:awd:aufaufArauan languages
ausausaus [10]Australian languages
sai:awdawdArawakan languages
nai:azcazcUto-Aztecan languages
nic:alv:badbadbad [11]Banda languages
nic:alv:baibaibai [12]Bamileke languages
ine:batbatbat [13]Baltic languages
afa:berberber [14]Berber languages
ine:iir:inc:bihbihbih [15]Bihari languages
nic:alv:bntbntbnt [16]Bantu languages
map:poz:pqw:btkbtkbtk [17]Batak languages
caicaicai [18]Central American Indian languages
caucaucau [19]Caucasian languages
sai:cbacbaChibchan languages
cau:ccnccnNorth Caucasian languages
cau:ccsccsSouth Caucasian languages
afa:cdccdcChadic languages
nai:cddcddCaddoan languages
ine:celcelcel [20]Celtic languages
map:poz:pqw:cmccmccmc [21]Chamic languages
crp:cpecpecpe [22]creoles and pidgins, English-based
crp:cpfcpfcpf [23]creoles and pidgins, French-based
crp:cppcppcpp [24]creoles and pidgins, Portuguese-based
crpcrpcrp [25]creoles and pidgins
ssa:csucsuCentral Sudanic languages
afa:cuscuscus [26]Cushitic languages
daydayday [27]Land Dayak languagesnot to be confused with Dayak languages, which is a larger group
nic:dmndmnMande languages
dradradra [28]Dravidian languages
afa:egxegxEgyptian languages
esxesxEskimo-Aleut languages
euqeuqBasque (family)Basque (eu/eus/baq) is an individual language covered by this collection code
urj:fiufiufiu [29]Finno-Ugrian languages
map:foxfoxFormosan languages
ine:gemgemgem [30]Germanic languages
ine:gem:gmegmeEast Germanic languages
ine:gem:gmqgmqNorth Germanic languages
ine:gem:gmwgmwWest Germanic languages
ine:grkgrkGreek languages
hmxhmxHmong-Mien languages
nai:hokhokHokan languages
ine:hyxhyxArmenian (family)Armenian (hy/hye/arm) is an individual language covered by this collection code
ine:iiriirIndo-Iranian languages
nic:alv:ijoijoijo [31]Ijo languages
ine:iir:incincinc [32]Indic languages
ineineine [33]Indo-European languages
ine:iir:irairaira [34]Iranian languages
nai:iroiroiro [35]Iroquoian languages
ine:itcitcItalic languages
jpxjpxJapanese (family)Japanese (ja/jpn) is an individual language covered by this collection code
sit:tbq:karkarkar [36]Karen languages
nic:kdokdoKordofanian languages
khikhikhi [37]Khoisan languages
nic:alv:krokrokro [38]Kru languages
mapmapmap [39]Austronesian languages
aav:mkhmkhmkh [40]Mon-Khmer languages
map:poz:pqw:phi:mnomnomno [41]Manobo languages
aav:munmunmun [42]Munda languages
cai:mynmynmyn [43]Mayan languages
nai:azc:nahnahnah [44]Nahuatl languages
nainainai [45]North American Indian languages
paa:ngfngfTrans-New Guinea languages
nicnicnic [46]Niger-Kordofanian languages
ssa:sdv:nubnubnub [47]Nubian languages
cai:omqomqOto-Manguean languages
afa:omvomvOmotic languages
cai:omq:otootooto [48]Otomian languages
paapaapaa [49]Papuan languages
map:poz:pqw:phiphiphi [50]Philippine languages
map:poz:plfplfCentral Malayo-Polynesian languages
map:pozpozMalayo-Polynesian languages
map:poz:pqepqeEastern Malayo-Polynesian languages
map:poz:pqwpqwWestern Malayo-Polynesian languages
ine:iir:inc:praprapra [51]Prakrit languages
sai:qweqweQuechuan (family)Quechua (qu/que) is a macrolanguage covered by this collection code
ine:itc:roaroaroa [52]Romance languages
saisaisai [53]South American Indian languages
nai:salsalsal [54]Salishan languages
ssa:sdvsdvEastern Sudanic languages
afa:semsemsem [55]Semitic languages
sgnsgnsgn [56]sign languages
nai:siosiosio [57]Siouan languages
sitsitsit [58]Sino-Tibetan languages
ine:slaslasla [59]Slavic languages
urj:fiu:smismismi [60]Sami languages
ssa:sonsonson [61]Songhai languages
ine:sqjsqjAlbanian languagesAlbanian (sq/sqi/alb) is a macrolanguage covered by this collection code
ssassassa [62]Nilo-Saharan languages
urj:sydsydSamoyedic languages
taitaitai [63]Tai languagesThai (th/tha) is an individual language covered by this collection code
sit:tbqtbqTibeto-Burman languages
tut:trktrkTurkic languagesTurkish (tr/tur) is an individual language covered by this collection code
sai:tuptuptup [64]Tupi languages
tuttuttut [65]Altaic languages
tut:tuwtuwTungus languages
urjurjUralic languages
nai:wakwakwak [66]Wakashan languages
ine:sla:zlw:wenwenwen [67]Sorbian languages
tut:xgnxgnMongolian languagesMongolian (mn/mon) is a macrolanguage covered by this collection code
nai:xndxndNa-Dene languages
esx:ypkypkypk [68]Yupik languages
sit:zhxzhxChinese (family)Chinese (zh/zho/chi) is a macrolanguage covered by this collection code
ine:sla:zlezleEast Slavic languages
ine:sla:zlszlsSouth Slavic languages
ine:sla:zlwzlwWest Slavic languages
nic:alv:zndzndznd [69]Zande languagesZande (individual language) (zne) is an individual language covered by this collection code

SIL International treats ISO 639-2 code him (Himachali languages / Western Pahari languages) as an ISO 639-5 code,[70][71] although it does not appear in the official list of ISO 639-5 codes[1] maintained by the Library of Congress (the registration authority for ISO 639-5).

Relationship to other parts of ISO 639

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See also: ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3

Some of the codes in ISO 639-5 codes are also found in the ISO 639-2 "Alpha-3 code" standard.[72] ISO 639-2 contains codes for some individual languages, some ISO 639 macrolanguage codes, and some collective codes; any code found in ISO 639-2 is also found in either ISO 639-3 or ISO 639-5.

Languages, families, or group codes in ISO 639-2 can be of type "group" (g) or "remainder group" (r). A "group" consists of several related languages; a "remainder group" is a group of several related languages from which some specific languages have been excluded. However, in ISO 639-5, the "remainder groups" do not exclude any languages. Because ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-5 use the same Alpha-3 codes, but do not always refer to the same list of languages for any given code, the languages an Alpha-3 code refers to can not be determined unless it is known whether the code is used in the context of ISO 639-2 or ISO 639-5.

Examples of ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-5 code relationships
Alpha-3 codeISO 639-2 typeISO 639-2 definitionISO 639-5 definition
afaremainder group (r)Afro-Asiatic languagesall Afro-Asiatic languages
algnormal group (g)all Algonquian languagesall Algonquian languages
sqjnot definednot definedAlbanian languages

History

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The committee draft of ISO 639-5 was issued on February 23, 2005. Voting on the draft terminated on July 5, 2005; the draft was approved.

In 2006, the target publication date for the final standard was set at October 30, 2007. During the approval stage for the standard, the ISO final draft international standard ballot was not initiated until February 8, 2008. Voting ended on April 10, 2008 ("stage 50.60").

The standard was published on May 15, 2008.

Updates were made in August 2008, February 2009, and February 2013.[2]

Sources

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  • "ISO 639-5 codes ordered by Identifier". ISO 639-5 Registration Authority - Library of Congress. 2013-02-11. Retrieved 2019-01-09.

References

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  1. ^ ab"ISO 639-5 codes ordered by Identifier". ISO 639-5 Registration Authority - Library of Congress. 2013-02-11.
  2. ^ ab"ISO 639-5 Change Notice". Network Development & MARC Standards Office. Library of Congress. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  3. ^"ISO 639-5 codes ordered by Identifier". Network Development & MARC Standards Office. Library of Congress. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  4. ^"ISO 639-5 Registration Authority". Network Development & MARC Standards Office. Library of Congress. February 18, 2009. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  5. ^"ISO 639 identifier: afa". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  6. ^"ISO 639 identifier: alg". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  7. ^"ISO 639 identifier: apa". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  8. ^"ISO 639 identifier: art". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  9. ^"ISO 639 identifier: ath". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  10. ^"ISO 639 identifier: aus". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  11. ^"ISO 639 identifier: bad". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  12. ^"ISO 639 identifier: bai". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  13. ^"ISO 639 identifier: bat". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  14. ^"ISO 639 identifier: ber". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  15. ^"ISO 639 identifier: bih". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-27.
  16. ^"ISO 639 identifier: bnt". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  17. ^"ISO 639 identifier: btk". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  18. ^"ISO 639 identifier: cai". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  19. ^"ISO 639 identifier: cau". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  20. ^"ISO 639 identifier: cel". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  21. ^"ISO 639 identifier: cmc". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  22. ^"ISO 639 identifier: cpe". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  23. ^"ISO 639 identifier: cpf". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  24. ^"ISO 639 identifier: cpp". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  25. ^"ISO 639 identifier: crp". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  26. ^"ISO 639 identifier: cus". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  27. ^"ISO 639 identifier: day". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  28. ^"ISO 639 identifier: dra". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  29. ^"ISO 639 identifier: fiu". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  30. ^"ISO 639 identifier: gem". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  31. ^"ISO 639 identifier: ijo". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  32. ^"ISO 639 identifier: inc". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  33. ^"ISO 639 identifier: ine". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  34. ^"ISO 639 identifier: ira". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  35. ^"ISO 639 identifier: iro". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  36. ^"ISO 639 identifier: kar". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  37. ^"ISO 639 identifier: khi". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  38. ^"ISO 639 identifier: kro". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  39. ^"ISO 639 identifier: map". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  40. ^"ISO 639 identifier: mkh". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  41. ^"ISO 639 identifier: mno". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  42. ^"ISO 639 identifier: mun". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  43. ^"ISO 639 identifier: myn". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  44. ^"ISO 639 identifier: nah". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  45. ^"ISO 639 identifier: nai". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  46. ^"ISO 639 identifier: nic". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  47. ^"ISO 639 identifier: nub". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  48. ^"ISO 639 identifier: oto". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  49. ^"ISO 639 identifier: paa". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  50. ^"ISO 639 identifier: phi". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  51. ^"ISO 639 identifier: pra". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  52. ^"ISO 639 identifier: roa". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  53. ^"ISO 639 identifier: sai". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  54. ^"ISO 639 identifier: sal". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  55. ^"ISO 639 identifier: sem". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  56. ^"ISO 639 identifier: sgn". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  57. ^"ISO 639 identifier: sio". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  58. ^"ISO 639 identifier: sit". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  59. ^"ISO 639 identifier: sla". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  60. ^"ISO 639 identifier: smi". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  61. ^"ISO 639 identifier: son". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  62. ^"ISO 639 identifier: ssa". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  63. ^"ISO 639 identifier: tai". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  64. ^"ISO 639 identifier: tup". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  65. ^"ISO 639 identifier: tut". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  66. ^"ISO 639 identifier: wak". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  67. ^"ISO 639 identifier: wen". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  68. ^"ISO 639 identifier: ypk". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  69. ^"ISO 639 identifier: znd". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  70. ^"ISO 639 identifier: him". SIL International. Retrieved 2019-01-09. Code set: 639-2 and 639-5
  71. ^"Issues to Resolve in ISO 639"(PDF). SIL International. 2004-08-14.
  72. ^"Annex A: Groups and remainder groups in ISO 639-2". Network Development & MARC Standards Office. Library of Congress. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
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