Convert image into ASCII art

Question

I made a python script that takes an image and converts it into an ASCII-art representation and saves it as a .txt file. The logic is somewhat simple. It resizes the image to a manageable size, converts it to gray-scale, takes the value of each pixel and assigns it a character according to it. Then appends the characters to a string and wrap it to the number of pixels of width. Can this be improved in any way? Does it follows conventions and best practices?

import PIL.Image image=None def closest(myList, myNumber): from bisect import bisect_left pos=bisect_left(myList, myNumber) if pos==0: return myList[0] if pos==len(myList): return myList[-1] before=myList[pos-1] after=myList[pos] if after-myNumber<myNumber-before: return after else: return before def resize(image,new_width=300): width,height=image.size new_height=int((new_width*height/width)/2.5) return image.resize((int(round(new_width)), int(round(new_height)))) def to_greyscale(image): return image.convert("L") def pixel_to_ascii(image): pixels=image.getdata() a=list("@$B%8&WM#*oahkbdpqwmZO0QLCJUYXzcvunxrjft/\|()1{}[]?-_+~<>i!lI;:,\"^`'. "[::-1]) #remove the slice to get light mode pixlist=list(pixels) minp=min(pixlist) maxp=max(pixlist) vals=[] lst=list(range(minp,maxp+1)) def chunks(lst,n): import numpy as np return np.array_split(lst,n) lchunks=list(chunks(lst,len(a))) for chunk in lchunks: vals.append(chunk[0]) avals={vals[i]:a[i] for i in range(len(vals))} ascii_str=""; for pixel in pixels: ascii_str+=avals[closest(vals,pixel)]; return ascii_str if __name__='main' path=#drop your path here image=PIL.Image.open(path) name=input("enter the image name here: ") image=resize(image); greyscale_image=to_greyscale(image) ascii_str=pixel_to_ascii(greyscale_image) img_width=greyscale_image.width ascii_str_len=len(ascii_str) ascii_img="" for i in range(0,ascii_str_len, img_width): ascii_img+=ascii_str[i:i+img_width]+"\n" with open("{}.txt".format(n ame), "w") as f: f.write(ascii_img); print(ascii_img) 

Answer 1

myList should be my_list by PEP8.

Add PEP484 type hints.

from bisect import bisect_left should be moved to the top of the file.

I think it's clearer, rather than image.getdata(), to just use the np.array() call on the image file. That way you can min and max on it without converting it to a list.

I don't see a lot of value in defining a local function chunks that you only call once and has only one line (the import not counting; that should also be moved to the top).

avals should not use a range, and should just zip over the two sub-series.

You should extract from your main code a conversion function that neither prints nor saves to a file.

Suggested

import PIL.Image from bisect import bisect_left import numpy as np CHARSET = ( "@$B%8&WM#*oahkbdpqwm" "ZO0QLCJUYXzcvunxrjft" "/\|()1{}[]?-_+~<>i!l" "I;:,\"^`'. " ) def closest(my_list: list[int], my_number: int) -> int: pos = bisect_left(my_list, my_number) if pos == 0: return my_list[0] if pos == len(my_list): return my_list[-1] before = my_list[pos - 1] after = my_list[pos] if after - my_number < my_number - before: return after else: return before def resize(image: PIL.Image.Image, new_width: int = 300) -> PIL.Image.Image: width, height = image.size new_height = int((new_width*height/width)/2.5) return image.resize((round(new_width), round(new_height))) def to_greyscale(image: PIL.Image.Image) -> PIL.Image.Image: return image.convert("L") def pixel_to_ascii(image: PIL.Image.Image, light_mode: bool = True) -> str: pixels = np.array(image.getdata()) direction = 1 if light_mode else -1 charset = CHARSET[::direction] minp = pixels.min() maxp = pixels.max() lst = np.arange(minp, maxp+1) lchunks = np.array_split(lst, len(charset)) vals = [chunk[0] for chunk in lchunks] avals = dict(zip(vals, charset)) ascii_str = ''.join( avals[closest(vals, pixel)] for pixel in pixels ) return ascii_str def convert(path: str) -> str: image = PIL.Image.open(path) image = resize(image) greyscale_image = to_greyscale(image) ascii_str = pixel_to_ascii(greyscale_image) img_width = greyscale_image.width ascii_str_len = len(ascii_str) ascii_img = "" for i in range(0, ascii_str_len, img_width): ascii_img += ascii_str[i:i+img_width] + "\n" return ascii_img def main() -> None: ascii_img = convert('archived/image2l.png') name = input("enter the image name here: ") with open("{}.txt".format(name), "w") as f: f.write(ascii_img) print(ascii_img) if __name__ == '__main__': main() 

Output

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On path-likes

@TamoghnaChowdhury suggests

taking path as an actual pathlib.Path instead of as a str, at least for the purposes of the type hint. Maybe even path: pathlib.Path | str to shut the type checker up (I'm not sure where you can get the type annotation PathLike from)?

You can use os.PathLike. However, if we were to abide by the protocol of the inner open() call, then a PathLike is incorrect, because it can also take a file-like:

 :param fp: A filename (string), pathlib.Path object or a file object. The file object must implement ``file.read``, ``file.seek``, and ``file.tell`` methods, and be opened in binary mode. 

But I consider all of that to be a bit much for this application, and would constrain it to PathLike for simplicity and clarity.

Simplified algorithm

I don't think you need to bisect. You can simply load the image in 'F' mode (32-bit floating-point), scale to your min and max, round to the nearest index and then index into your charset. You can take the opportunity to improve Numpy vectorisation and eliminate your loops.

from os import PathLike from pathlib import Path import PIL.Image import numpy as np CHARSET = ( "@$B%8&WM#*oahkbdpqwm" "ZO0QLCJUYXzcvunxrjft" "/\|()1{}[]?-_+~<>i!l" "I;:,\"^`'. " ) def resize(image: PIL.Image.Image, new_width: int = 300) -> PIL.Image.Image: width, height = image.size new_height = new_width * height / width / 2.5 return image.resize((round(new_width), round(new_height))) def pixel_to_ascii(pixels: np.ndarray, light_mode: bool = True) -> str: direction = 1 if light_mode else -1 charset_str = CHARSET[::direction] charset = np.array(tuple(charset_str), dtype='U1') minp = pixels.min() maxp = pixels.max() scaled = (pixels - minp) / (maxp - minp) * (len(CHARSET) - 1) indices = np.around(scaled).astype(int) ascii_array = charset[indices] rows = ascii_array.view(f'U{pixels.shape[1]}')[:, 0] return '\n'.join(rows) def convert(path: PathLike) -> str: greyscale_image = resize(PIL.Image.open(path).convert('F')) return pixel_to_ascii(np.array(greyscale_image)) def main() -> None: ascii_img = convert('archived/image2l.png') print(ascii_img) if __name__ == '__main__': main()