조건부 포함

 

C++

컴파일러 지원

Freestanding and hosted

언어

표준 라이브러리 헤더

명명된 요구사항

Feature test macros (C++20)

언어 지원 라이브러리

개념(C++20)

Diagnostics library

유틸리티 라이브러리

문자열 라이브러리

컨테이너 라이브러리

반복자 라이브러리

범위 라이브러리(C++20)

알고리즘 라이브러리

수치 라이브러리

지역화 라이브러리

입/출력 라이브러리

파일시스템 라이브러리(C++17)

정규 표현식 라이브러리(C++11)

아토믹 연산 라이브러리(C++11)

쓰레드 지원 라이브러리(C++11)

Technical specifications

Symbols index

외부 라이브러리들

 

C++ 언어

General topics
Preprocessor Comments Keywords	ASCII chart Escape sequences History of C++
Flow control
Conditional execution statements
if statement	switch statement
Iteration statements
for loop range-for loop(C++11)	while loop do-while loop
Jump statements
continue statement break statement	goto statement return statement
Functions
function declaration
lambda function declaration
function template
inline specifier
exception specifications(deprecated)
noexcept specifier(C++11)
Exceptions
throw expression	try-catch block
Namespaces
namespace declaration	namespace aliases
Types
fundamental types compound types enumeration types	union types function types
decltype specifier(C++11)
Specifiers
cv specifiers
storage duration specifiers
constexpr specifier(C++11)
auto specifier(C++11)
alignas specifier(C++11)
Initialization
default initialization value initialization zero initialization copy initialization direct initialization	aggregate initialization list initialization(C++11) constant initialization reference initialization

Literals
integer literals character literals floating-point literals string literals	boolean literals nullptr(C++11) user-defined(C++11)
Expressions
value categories order of evaluation	operators operator precedence
alternative representations
Utilities
Types
typedef declaration
type alias declaration(C++11)
attributes(C++11)
Casts
implicit conversions
const_cast conversion
static_cast conversion
dynamic_cast conversion
reinterpret_cast conversion
C-style and functional cast
Memory allocation
new expression	delete expression
Classes
class declaration this pointer access specifiers	friend specifier initializer lists
Class-specific function properties
virtual function override specifier(C++11) final specifier(C++11)	explicit(C++11) static
Special member functions
default constructor copy constructor move constructor(C++11)	copy assignment move assignment(C++11) destructor
Templates
class template
function template
template specialization
parameter packs(C++11)
Miscellaneous
Inline assembly

 

전처리기

#if#ifdef#ifndef#else#elif#endif

#define#undef#,## operators

#include

#warning

#error

#pragma

#line

 

선행처리기는 여러 소스 파일들간의 조건부 결합을 지원합니다. 관련 구문은 아래와 같습니다.

구문

#ifexpression
#ifdefidentifier
#ifndefidentifier
#elifexpression
#else
#endif

설명

조건부 선행처리는 #if, #ifdef 또는 #ifndef 명령어로 시작되고, 이후로 선택적으로 여러 개의 #elif 명령어와 적어도 한 개의 #else 명령어를 작성한 후 #endif 명령어로 종료됩니다. Any inner conditional preprocessing blocks are processed separately.

Each of #if, #elif, #else, #ifdef and #ifndef directives control code block until first #elif, #else, #endif directive not belonging to any inner conditional preprocessing blocks.

#if, #ifdef and #ifndef directives test the specified condition (see below) and if it evaluates to true, compiles the controlled code block. In that case subsequent #else and #elif directives are ignored. Otherwise, if the specified condition evaluates false, the controlled code block is skipped and the subsequent #else or #elif directive (if any) is processed. In the former case, the code block controlled by the #else directive is unconditionally compiled. In the latter case, the #elif directive acts as if it was #if directive: checks for condition, compiles or skips the controlled code block based on the result, and in the latter case processes subsequent #elif and #else directives. The conditional preprocessing block is terminated by #endif directive.

Condition evaluation

#if, #elif

The expression is a constant expression.

If the expression contains unary operators in form defined identifier or defined (identifier), it is evaluated first. The result is 1 if the identifier was defined as a macro name or the identifier is __has_include(since C++17), otherwise the result is ​0​.

After macro expansion and evaluation of the defined operator, any identifier which is not a boolean literal are replaced with the number ​0​.

If the expression evaluates to nonzero value, the controlled code block is included and skipped otherwise.

Note: #if cond1 ... #elif cond2 is different from #if cond1 ... #else followed by #if cond3 because if cond1 is true, the second #if is skipped and cond3 does not need to be well-formed, while #elif's cond2 must be a valid expression.

(until C++14)

#ifdef, #ifndef

식별자가 이미 매크로로 정의되었는지 확인합니다.

#ifdef identifier은 #if defined identifier와 같다..

#ifndef identifier은 #if !defined identifier와 같다..

예시

코드 실행

#define ABCD 2#include <iostream>   int main(){   #ifdef ABCDstd::cout<<"1: yes\n";#elsestd::cout<<"1: no\n";#endif   #ifndef ABCDstd::cout<<"2: no1\n";#elif ABCD == 2std::cout<<"2: yes\n";#elsestd::cout<<"2: no2\n";#endif   #if !defined(DCBA) && (ABCD < 2*4-3)std::cout<<"3: yes\n";#endif}

Output:

1: yes 2: yes 3: yes

Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR	Applied to	Behavior as published	Correct behavior
CWG 1955	C++14	failed #elif's expression was required to be valid	failed elif is skipped

See also

C documentation for Conditional inclusion