Showing posts with label Rotovator. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Rotovator. Show all posts

Friday, June 17, 2011

Rotovator assisted Aerial Propellant Transfer

In my post Aerial Propellant Transfer I concluded that with APT each flight could costs as little as "$1.5 million per flight plus the operators profit. Which comes to $75,000/tonne or $75/kg payload".

But by combining APT with hypersonic rotovators we can substantially improve even on that $75/tonne. Using a 600km long tether we can get the maximum velocity required from the orbiter spaceplane from orbital velocity of 7900m/s down to 4030m/s, a reduction in the required delta V of 3870m/s. We still have the ability to transfer 340 tonnes of propellant to the spaceplane from a tanker at 12,000meters, and because we've gone with APT rather than using the A380 (or similar aircraft) as a booster for air launch, we won't have the compatibility problems that would certainly have occurred in trying to mate a different spaceplane to the booster.

In my previous example post refueling the spaceplane needed a delta V of 8400m/s, by knocking 3870m/s off that requirement delta V comes down to 4530m/s, now we still separate from refueling with 340 tonnes of propellant, and our rocket engines are still H2/O2 with an exhaust velocity of 4500m/s so using the rocket equation a mass ratio of 2.75 gets us a delta V of 1.011 times exhaust velocity, ie. 4500 x 1.011 = 4550m/s. total mass to orbit is 1/2.75 of total separation mass which is 340/1.75 = 194.2tonnes, because total mass at separation has increased (from 400 tonnes to 534.2tonnes (33.6%) the unladen mass of the spaceplane will also have increased, working on a 33.6% increase, unladen mass goes from 40 to 53.4 tonnes, and payload increases from 20 to 140 tonnes. While we will have to increase the engine power of the spaceplane by 33%, the time those engines fire will also be reduced, the tanker requirements are unchanged ($500,000) allowing an increase of 33.6% in orbiter costs (servicing and capital) takes that to 1,336,000 total 1,836,000 divided by 140 tonnes brings cost/kg down to about $13.10, with rotovator energy costs of around $2.50/kg (the rotovator uses electric propulsion to maintain momentum, accelerating 1kg of payload by 4km/s 0.1kg of propellant is expelled at 40km/s, using E=1/2MV^2 that's 80 million joules or 22.2 KWh, at $0.1/KWh thats $2.22/kg of payload plus energy loses) totaling $15.60 plus the servicing and capital cost of the rotovator(?)

Friday, June 3, 2011

Homes in a sunny orbit

I've always liked the idea of the Stanford torus, but such a facility really needs to be in sunlight continually, and if it's outside Earths magnetic protection it needs a radiation shell, I was recently reminded of dawn to dusk sun synchronous polar LEO's, an object in such an orbit is always above the day-night terminator, and so always in the sunlight.
If we could get cost to orbit as low as $100,000/tonne, just maybe we could see a Beverly Hills in space, a community for the super rich that the rest of us could at least visit.
Interestingly,  sun synchronous orbits are between 550 and 1000km high, a favorable altitude  from which to swing a rotovator:
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_VyTC...

Seen from the Earth, a 2km diameter colony at that altitude would appear to be about 1/4th the diameter of the Moon, orbiting at the terminator it would be easily and often seen.
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