std::ranges::views::join, std::ranges::join_view

 

C++

Compiler support

Freestanding and hosted

Language

Standard library

Standard library headers

Named requirements

Feature test macros(C++20)

Language support library

Concepts library(C++20)

Diagnostics library

Memory management library

Metaprogramming library(C++11)

General utilities library

Containers library

Iterators library

Ranges library(C++20)

Algorithms library

Strings library

Text processing library

Numerics library

Date and time library

Input/output library

Filesystem library(C++17)

Concurrency support library(C++11)

Execution control library(C++26)

Technical specifications

Symbols index

External libraries

 

Ranges library

Range access begin cbegin   end cend rbegin crbegin   rend crend size ssize   data cdata reserve_hint (C++26)   empty

Range conversions std::from_range_t std::from_range (C++23)(C++23)     to (C++23)

Dangling iterator handling dangling borrowed_iterator_t borrowed_subrange_t

Range primitives
range_size_trange_difference_trange_value_t elements_of (C++23)	iterator_tconst_iterator_tsentinel_tconst_sentinel_t (C++23)(C++23)	range_reference_trange_const_reference_trange_rvalue_reference_trange_common_reference_t (C++23)

Range concepts
range borrowed_range    common_range	sized_range viewable_range    view	input_range output_range forward_range	bidirectional_range    random_access_range contiguous_range	approximately_sized_range (C++26) constant_range (C++23)

Views
view_interface	subrange

Range factories
empty_viewviews::empty	single_viewviews::single	basic_istream_viewviews::istream	iota_viewviews::iota	repeat_viewviews::repeat (C++23)(C++23)

Range adaptors
views::all_tviews::all as_rvalue_viewviews::as_rvalue (C++23)(C++23)   filter_viewviews::filter transform_viewviews::transform take_viewviews::take take_while_viewviews::take_while common_viewviews::common views::counted to_input_viewviews::to_input (C++26)(C++26)	ref_view drop_viewviews::drop drop_while_viewviews::drop_while lazy_split_viewviews::lazy_split split_viewviews::split join_viewviews::join join_with_viewviews::join_with (C++23)(C++23)   concat_viewviews::concat (C++26)(C++26) cache_latest_viewviews::cache_latest (C++26)(C++26)	owning_view reverse_viewviews::reverse as_const_viewviews::as_const (C++23)(C++23) elements_viewviews::elements keys_viewviews::keys values_viewviews::values enumerate_viewviews::enumerate (C++23)(C++23) zip_viewviews::zip (C++23)(C++23) zip_transform_viewviews::zip_transform (C++23)(C++23)	adjacent_viewviews::adjacent (C++23)(C++23) views::pairwise (C++23) adjacent_transform_viewviews::adjacent_transform (C++23)(C++23) views::pairwise_transform (C++23) chunk_viewviews::chunk (C++23)(C++23) slide_viewviews::slide (C++23)(C++23) chunk_by_viewviews::chunk_by (C++23)(C++23) stride_viewviews::stride (C++23)(C++23) cartesian_product_viewviews::cartesian_product (C++23)(C++23)

Range generators std::generator (C++23)

Range adaptor closure objects range_adaptor_closure (C++23)

Range adaptor objects

Helper items
copyable-box movable-box (until C++23)  (C++23)	simple-view non-propagating-cache

 

std::ranges::join_view

Member functions

join_view::join_view

join_view::base

join_view::begin

join_view::end

Deduction guides

Iterator

join_view::iterator::iterator

join_view::iterator::operator* join_view::iterator::operator->

join_view::iterator::operator++ join_view::iterator::operator++(int) join_view::iterator::operator-- join_view::iterator::operator--(int)

join_view::iterator::satisfy

operator==(join_view::iterator)

iter_move(join_view::iterator)

iter_swap(join_view::iterator)

Sentinel

join_view::sentinel::sentinel

operator==(join_view::iterator,join_view::sentinel)

 

Defined in header <ranges>
template<ranges::input_range V >     requires ranges::view<V> and              ranges::input_range<ranges::range_reference_t<V>> class join_view     :publicranges::view_interface<join_view<V>>	(1)	(since C++20)
namespace views {     inlineconstexpr/* unspecified */ join =/* unspecified */; }	(2)	(since C++20)
Call signature
template<ranges::viewable_range R >     requires /* see below */ constexprranges::viewauto join( R&& r );		(since C++20)

1) A range adaptor that represents view consisting of the sequence obtained from flattening a view of ranges.

2)RangeAdaptorObject (and also RangeAdaptorClosureObject). The expression views::join(e) is expression-equivalent to join_view<views::all_t<decltype((e))>>{e} for any suitable subexpressions e.

join_view models input_range.

join_view models forward_range when:

• ranges::range_reference_t<V> is a reference type, and
• V and ranges::range_reference_t<V> each model forward_range.

join_view models bidirectional_range when:

• ranges::range_reference_t<V> is a reference type,
• V models bidirectional_range, and
• ranges::range_reference_t<V> models both bidirectional_range and common_range.

join_view models common_range when:

• ranges::range_reference_t<V> is a reference type, and
• V and ranges::range_reference_t<V> each model forward_range and common_range.

Member functions

(constructor)	constructs a join_view (public member function)
base	returns a copy of the underlying (adapted) view (public member function)
begin	returns an iterator to the beginning (public member function)
end	returns an iterator or a sentinel to the end (public member function)
Inherited from std::ranges::view_interface
empty	returns whether the derived view is empty, provided only if it satisfies sized_range or forward_range (public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)
cbegin (C++23)	returns a constant iterator to the beginning of the range (public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)
cend (C++23)	returns a sentinel for the constant iterator of the range (public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)
operator bool	returns whether the derived view is not empty, provided only if ranges::empty is applicable to it (public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)
front	returns the first element in the derived view, provided if it satisfies forward_range (public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)
back	returns the last element in the derived view, provided only if it satisfies bidirectional_range and common_range (public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)

Nested classes

iterator	the iterator type (exposition-only member class template*)
sentinel	the sentinel type (exposition-only member class template*)

Notes

Before P2328R1 was adopted, the inner range type (ranges::range_reference_t<V>) cannot be a container type (but can be reference to container). For example, it was not allowed to join a transform_view of std::string prvalue.

struct Person {int age;std::string name;};   auto f(std::vector<Person>& v){// return v | std::views::transform([](auto& p){ return p.name; })// | std::views::join; // error before P2328R1return v | std::views::transform([](auto& p)->std::string&{return p.name;})| std::views::join;// OK}

Example

Run this code

#include <iostream>#include <ranges>#include <string_view>#include <vector>   int main(){usingnamespace std::literals;   constauto bits ={"https:"sv, "//"sv, "cppreference"sv, "."sv, "com"sv};for(charconst c : bits | std::views::join)std::cout<< c;std::cout<<'\n';   conststd::vector<std::vector<int>> v{{1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}, {6}, {7, 8, 9}};auto jv = std::ranges::join_view(v);for(intconst e : jv)std::cout<< e <<' ';std::cout<<'\n';}

Output:

https://cppreference.com 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR	Applied to	Behavior as published	Correct behavior
LWG 3474	C++20	views::join(e) returned a copy of e when e is a join_view	returns a nested join_view
P2328R1	C++20	non-view range prvalues could not be joined by join_view	made joinable

See also

ranges::join_with_viewviews::join_with (C++23)	a view consisting of the sequence obtained from flattening a view of ranges, with the delimiter in between elements (class template)(range adaptor object)
ranges::concat_viewviews::concat (C++26)	a view consisting of concatenation of the adapted views (class template)(customization point object)