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reference initialization

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C++言語
一般的なトピック
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General topics
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フロー制御
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Flow control
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条件付き実行文
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Conditional execution statements
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繰り返し文
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Iteration statements
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文をジャンプします
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Jump statements
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機能します
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Functions
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関数の宣言
ラムダ関数の宣言
関数テンプレート
の歴史。インライン指定
例外仕様(廃止予定)
noexcept指定子(C++11)
例外
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Exceptions
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名前空間
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Namespaces
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タイプ
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Types
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decltype specifier(C++11)
指定子
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Specifiers
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CV指定
貯蔵期間指定
constexprの指定子(C++11)
自動指定(C++11)
alignas指定子(C++11)
初期化
Original:
Initialization
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リテラル
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Literals
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Expressions
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代替表現
ユーティリティ
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Utilities
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タイプ
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Types
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typedef declaration
型の別名宣言(C++11)
属性(C++11)
キャストします
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Casts
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暗黙の型変換
const_cast conversion
static_cast conversion
dynamic_cast conversion
reinterpret_cast conversion
Cスタイルキャストと機能
メモリの割り当て
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Memory allocation
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クラス
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Classes
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クラス固有の機能特性
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Class-specific function properties
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特殊なメンバ関数
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Special member functions
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テンプレート
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Templates
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クラステンプレート
関数テンプレート
テンプレートの特殊化
パラメーターパック(C++11)
その他
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Miscellaneous
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インラインアセンブリ
 
オブジェクトへの参照をバインドします
Original:
Binds a reference to an object
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目次

[編集]構文

T&ref=object ;

T&ref(object) ;

T&ref{ object} ;

(1)
T&&ref=object ;

T&&ref(object) ;

T&&ref{object} ;

(2) (C++11およびそれ以降)
Rfn(T&arg);

or

Rfn(T&&arg);

fn(object)

(3)
T&fn() {

or

T&&fn() {

returnobject;

(4)

[編集]説明

Tへの参照は、タイプT、型Tの関数、またはTに暗黙的に変換可能なオブジェクトのオブジェクトで初期化することができます。いったん初期化されると、参照が別のオブジェクトを参照するように変更することはできません.
Original:
A reference to T can be initialized with an object of type T, a function of type T, or an object implicitly convertible to T. Once initialized, a reference cannot be changed to refer to another object.
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参照は、次のような状況では初期化されます
Original:
References are initialized in the following situations:
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1)
名前の左辺値参照変数は初期化子を使用して宣言されたとき
Original:
When a named lvalue reference variable is declared with an initializer
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2)
名前の右辺値参照変数は、初期化子を使用して宣言されたとき
Original:
When a named rvalue reference variable is declared with an initializer
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3)
関数のパラメータが参照型を持つ関数呼び出しで表現
Original:
In a function call expression, when the function parameter has reference type
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4)
return文では、ときに関数が参照型を返します
Original:
In the return statement, when the function returns a reference type
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リファレンスの初期化の効果は、次のとおりです
Original:
The effects of reference initialization are:
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  • 参照は左辺値参照されている場合、
    Original:
    If the reference is an lvalue reference:
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  • objectは左辺値式であり、その型はTまたはTの底で、均等に以下のcv-修飾され、その参照は左辺値またはオブジェクトの基底クラスのサブオブジェクトで識別されるオブジェクトにバインドされている場合.
    Original:
    If object is an lvalue expression, and its type is T or a base of T, and is equally or less cv-qualified, then the reference is bound to the object identified by the lvalue or the base class subobject of the object.
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  • objectは左辺値式で、その型はその後、均等またはCV修飾以下、返すソース·タイプおよびその基底クラスの非明示的な変換関数TまたはTのベースのいずれかである型に暗黙的に変換する場合左辺値参照が考慮され、最高の1は、オーバーロードの解決で選択されています。参照は、変換関数(またはその基本クラスのサブオブジェクト)によって返された左辺値によって識別されたオブジェクトにバインドされています
    Original:
    If object is an lvalue expression, and its type is implicitly convertible to a type that is either T or a base of T, equally or less cv-qualified, then the non-explicit conversion functions of the source type and its base classes that return lvalue references are considered and the best one is selected by overload resolution. The reference is then bound to the object identified by the lvalue returned by the conversion function (or its base class subobject)
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  • それ以外の場合は、参照は右辺値参照またはconstに左辺値参照のいずれかである場合:
    Original:
    Otherwise, if the reference is either rvalue reference or lvalue reference to const:
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  • objectにはxValue、クラスprvalue、配列prvalue、またはTまたはTのベースのどちらかである関数左辺値の型、均等に以下のcv-修飾されている場合、その参照は初期化式の値にバインドされているか、そのベースサブオブジェクト.
    Original:
    If object is an xvalue, a class prvalue, an array prvalue, or a function lvalue type that is either T or a base of T, equally or less cv-qualified, then the reference is bound to the value of the initializer expression or its base subobject.
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  • objectが暗黙のxValue、クラスprvalue、またはTまたはTのベースのどちらかであるタイプの関数値に変換することができ、クラス型の式である場合、同じように以下のcv-修飾、その参照はにバインドされている変換またはその基本subobjectの結果.
    Original:
    If object is a class type expression that can be implicitly converted to an xvalue, a class prvalue, or a function value of type that is either T or a base of T, equally or less cv-qualified, then the reference is bound to the result of the conversion or its base subobject.
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  • それ以外の場合は、タイプTの一時はコピー初期化から構築objectされています。参照は、この一時的にバインドされています.
    Original:
    Otherwise, a temporary of type T is constructed and コピー初期化 from object. The reference is then bound to this temporary.
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[編集]一時の寿命

参照は一時的にまたは一時のベースサブオブジェクトにバインドされているときはいつでも、一時の寿命は、次の例外を除いて、参照の寿命と一致するように拡張されます
Original:
Whenever a reference is bound to a temporary or to a base subobject of a temporary, the lifetime of the temporary is extended to match the lifetime of the reference, with the following exceptions:
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  • returnステートメント内の関数の戻り値にバインドされて一時は拡張されません:それは、リターン式の末尾に直ちに破棄されます。このような関数は常に宙ぶらりんの参照を返します.
    Original:
    a temporary bound to a return value of a function in a return statement is not extended: it is destroyed immediately at the end of the return expression. Such function always returns a dangling reference.
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  • コンストラクタ初期化子リストにおける基準部材にバインドされた一時的なオブジェクトが存在する限りではない、唯一のコンストラクタが終了するまで持続します.
    Original:
    a temporary bound to a reference member in a constructor 初期化子リスト persists only until the constructor exits, not as long as the object exists.
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  • 関数呼び出しに参照パラメータにバインドされて一時的には、その関数呼び出しを含む完全な式の終わりまで存在:関数は完全な表現を長生きの参照を返す場合、それはぶら下がり参照になります.
    Original:
    a temporary bound to a reference parameter in a function call exists until the end of the full expression containing that function call: if the function returns a reference, which outlives the full expression, it becomes a dangling reference.
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  • new式で使用される初期化子内の参照にバインドされて一時的には、初期化されたオブジェクトである限りではない、新しい式を含む完全な式の終わりまで存在します。初期化されたオブジェクトは、完全な表現を長生きした場合、その基準部材は、ぶら下がり参照になります.
    Original:
    a temporary bound to a reference in the initializer used in a new-expression exists until the end of the full expression containing that new-expression, not as long as the initialized object. If the initialized object outlives the full expression, its reference member becomes a dangling reference.
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一般的には、一時の寿命はさらに "それを渡すこと"が拡張することはできません:一時が結合した基準から初期第二の基準は、その有効期間には影響しません.
Original:
In general, the lifetime of a temporary cannot be further extended by "passing it on": a second reference, initialized from the reference to which the temporary was bound, does not affect its lifetime.
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[編集]ノート

参照はクラスメンバの宣言で、関数の戻り値の型宣言では、唯一の関数パラメータ宣言で初期化せずに表示され、extern指定子で.
Original:
References appear without initializers only in function parameter declaration, in function return type declaration, in the declaration of a class member, and with the extern specifier.
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[編集]

#include <utility>#include <sstream>struct S {int mi;conststd::pair<int,int>& mp;// reference member};   void foo(int){}   struct A {};struct B : A {int n; operator int&(){return n;};};   B bar(){return B();}   //int& bad_r; // error: no initializerexternint& ext_r;// OK   int main(){// lvaluesint n =1;int& r1 = n;// lvalue reference to the object nconstint& cr(n);// reference can be more cv-qualifiedvolatileint& cv{n};// any initializer syntax can be usedint& r2 = r1;// another lvalue reference to the object n// int& bad = cr; // error: less cv-qualifiedint& r3 =const_cast<int&>(cr);// const_cast is needed   void(&rf)(int)= foo;// lvalue reference to functionint ar[3];int(&ra)[3]= ar;// lvalue reference to array   B b; A& base_ref = b;// reference to base subobjectint& converted_ref = b;// reference to the result of a conversion   // rvalues// int& bad = 1; // error: cannot bind lvalue ref to rvalueconstint& cref =1;// bound to rvalueint&& rref =1;// bound to rvalue   const A& cref2 = bar();// reference to A subobject of B temporary A&& rref2 = bar();// same   int&& xref =static_cast<int&&>(n);// bind directly to n// int&& copy_ref = n; // error: can't bind to an lvaluedouble&& copy_ref = n;// bind to an rvalue temporary with value 1.0   // restrictions on temporary lifetimesstd::ostream& buf_ref =std::ostringstream()<<'a';// the ostringstream temporary// was bound to the left operand of operator<<, but its lifetime// ended at the semicolon: buf_ref is now a dangling reference.   S a {1, {2,3}};// temporary pair {2,3} bound to the reference member// a.mp and its lifetime is extended to match a S* p = new S{1, {2,3}};// temporary pair {2,3} bound to the reference// member a.mp, but its lifetime ended at the semicolon// p->mp is a dangling reference delete p;}


[編集]参照

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