MySQL 5.5 Reference Manual

Table of Contents     [+/-]

Preface and Legal Notice

1. General Information     [+/-]

1.1. About This Manual

1.2. Typographical and Syntax Conventions

1.3. Overview of the MySQL Database Management System     [+/-]

1.3.1. What is MySQL?

1.3.2. History of MySQL

1.3.3. The Main Features of MySQL

1.4. What Is New in MySQL 5.5     [+/-]

1.4.1. Scalability Improvements

1.4.2. InnoDB I/O Subsystem Changes

1.4.3. Diagnostic and Monitoring Capabilities

1.4.4. Enhanced Solaris Support

1.5. MySQL Development History

1.6. MySQL Information Sources     [+/-]

1.6.1. MySQL Mailing Lists

1.6.2. MySQL Community Support at the MySQL Forums

1.6.3. MySQL Community Support on Internet Relay Chat (IRC)

1.6.4. MySQL Enterprise

1.7. How to Report Bugs or Problems

1.8. MySQL Standards Compliance     [+/-]

1.8.1. What Standards MySQL Follows

1.8.2. Selecting SQL Modes

1.8.3. Running MySQL in ANSI Mode

1.8.4. MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL

1.8.5. MySQL Differences from Standard SQL

1.8.6. How MySQL Deals with Constraints

1.9. Credits     [+/-]

1.9.1. Contributors to MySQL

1.9.2. Documenters and translators

1.9.3. Packages that support MySQL

1.9.4. Tools that were used to create MySQL

1.9.5. Supporters of MySQL

2. Installing and Upgrading MySQL     [+/-]

2.1. General Installation Guidance     [+/-]

2.1.1. Operating Systems Supported by MySQL Community Server

2.1.2. Choosing Which MySQL Distribution to Install

2.1.3. How to Get MySQL

2.1.4. Verifying Package Integrity Using MD5 Checksums or GnuPG

2.1.5. Installation Layouts

2.1.6. Compiler-Specific Build Characteristics

2.2. Installing MySQL from Generic Binaries on Unix/Linux

2.3. Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows     [+/-]

2.3.1. MySQL Installation Layout on Microsoft Windows

2.3.2. Choosing An Installation Package

2.3.3. Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows Using MySQL Installer

2.3.4. Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows Using an MSI Package

2.3.5. MySQL Server Instance Configuration Wizard

2.3.6. Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows Using a noinstall Zip Archive

2.3.7. Troubleshooting a MySQL Installation Under Windows

2.3.8. Upgrading MySQL on Windows

2.3.9. Windows Postinstallation Procedures

2.4. Installing MySQL on Mac OS X     [+/-]

2.4.1. General Notes on Installing MySQL on Mac OS X

2.4.2. Installing MySQL on Mac OS X Using Native Packages

2.4.3. Installing the MySQL Startup Item

2.4.4. Installing and Using the MySQL Preference Pane

2.4.5. Using the Bundled MySQL on Mac OS X Server

2.5. Installing MySQL on Linux     [+/-]

2.5.1. Installing MySQL from RPM Packages on Linux

2.5.2. Installing MySQL on Linux using Native Package Manager

2.6. Installing MySQL on Solaris and OpenSolaris     [+/-]

2.6.1. Installing MySQL on Solaris using a Solaris PKG

2.6.2. Installing MySQL on OpenSolaris using IPS

2.7. Installing MySQL on HP-UX     [+/-]

2.7.1. General Notes on Installing MySQL on HP-UX

2.7.2. Installing MySQL on HP-UX using DEPOT

2.8. Installing MySQL on FreeBSD

2.9. Installing MySQL from Source     [+/-]

2.9.1. MySQL Layout for Source Installation

2.9.2. Installing MySQL from a Standard Source Distribution

2.9.3. Installing MySQL from a Development Source Tree

2.9.4. MySQL Source-Configuration Options

2.9.5. Dealing with Problems Compiling MySQL

2.9.6. MySQL Configuration and Third-Party Tools

2.10. Postinstallation Setup and Testing     [+/-]

2.10.1. Unix Postinstallation Procedures

2.10.2. Securing the Initial MySQL Accounts

2.11. Upgrading or Downgrading MySQL     [+/-]

2.11.1. Upgrading MySQL

2.11.2. Downgrading MySQL

2.11.3. Checking Whether Tables or Indexes Must Be Rebuilt

2.11.4. Rebuilding or Repairing Tables or Indexes

2.11.5. Copying MySQL Databases to Another Machine

2.12. Environment Variables

2.13. Perl Installation Notes     [+/-]

2.13.1. Installing Perl on Unix

2.13.2. Installing ActiveState Perl on Windows

2.13.3. Problems Using the Perl DBI/DBD Interface

3. Tutorial     [+/-]

3.1. Connecting to and Disconnecting from the Server

3.2. Entering Queries

3.3. Creating and Using a Database     [+/-]

3.3.1. Creating and Selecting a Database

3.3.2. Creating a Table

3.3.3. Loading Data into a Table

3.3.4. Retrieving Information from a Table

3.4. Getting Information About Databases and Tables

3.5. Using mysql in Batch Mode

3.6. Examples of Common Queries     [+/-]

3.6.1. The Maximum Value for a Column

3.6.2. The Row Holding the Maximum of a Certain Column

3.6.3. Maximum of Column per Group

3.6.4. The Rows Holding the Group-wise Maximum of a Certain Column

3.6.5. Using User-Defined Variables

3.6.6. Using Foreign Keys

3.6.7. Searching on Two Keys

3.6.8. Calculating Visits Per Day

3.6.9. Using AUTO_INCREMENT

3.7. Using MySQL with Apache

4. MySQL Programs     [+/-]

4.1. Overview of MySQL Programs

4.2. Using MySQL Programs     [+/-]

4.2.1. Invoking MySQL Programs

4.2.2. Connecting to the MySQL Server

4.2.3. Specifying Program Options

4.2.4. Setting Environment Variables

4.3. MySQL Server and Server-Startup Programs     [+/-]

4.3.1. mysqld — The MySQL Server

4.3.2. mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script

4.3.3. mysql.server — MySQL Server Startup Script

4.3.4. mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers

4.4. MySQL Installation-Related Programs     [+/-]

4.4.1. comp_err — Compile MySQL Error Message File

4.4.2. mysqlbug — Generate Bug Report

4.4.3. mysql_install_db — Initialize MySQL Data Directory

4.4.4. mysql_plugin — Configure MySQL Server Plugins

4.4.5. mysql_secure_installation — Improve MySQL Installation Security

4.4.6. mysql_tzinfo_to_sql — Load the Time Zone Tables

4.4.7. mysql_upgrade — Check Tables for MySQL Upgrade

4.5. MySQL Client Programs     [+/-]

4.5.1. mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Tool

4.5.2. mysqladmin — Client for Administering a MySQL Server

4.5.3. mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance Program

4.5.4. mysqldump — A Database Backup Program

4.5.5. mysqlimport — A Data Import Program

4.5.6. mysqlshow — Display Database, Table, and Column Information

4.5.7. mysqlslap — Load Emulation Client

4.6. MySQL Administrative and Utility Programs     [+/-]

4.6.1. innochecksum — Offline InnoDB File Checksum Utility

4.6.2. myisam_ftdump — Display Full-Text Index information

4.6.3. myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility

4.6.4. myisamlog — Display MyISAM Log File Contents

4.6.5. myisampack — Generate Compressed, Read-Only MyISAM Tables

4.6.6. mysqlaccess — Client for Checking Access Privileges

4.6.7. mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files

4.6.8. mysqldumpslow — Summarize Slow Query Log Files

4.6.9. mysqlhotcopy — A Database Backup Program

4.6.10. mysql_convert_table_format — Convert Tables to Use a Given Storage Engine

4.6.11. mysql_find_rows — Extract SQL Statements from Files

4.6.12. mysql_fix_extensions — Normalize Table File Name Extensions

4.6.13. mysql_setpermission — Interactively Set Permissions in Grant Tables

4.6.14. mysql_waitpid — Kill Process and Wait for Its Termination

4.6.15. mysql_zap — Kill Processes That Match a Pattern

4.7. MySQL Program Development Utilities     [+/-]

4.7.1. msql2mysql — Convert mSQL Programs for Use with MySQL

4.7.2. mysql_config — Get Compile Options for Compiling Clients

4.7.3. my_print_defaults — Display Options from Option Files

4.7.4. resolve_stack_dump — Resolve Numeric Stack Trace Dump to Symbols

4.8. Miscellaneous Programs     [+/-]

4.8.1. perror — Explain Error Codes

4.8.2. replace — A String-Replacement Utility

4.8.3. resolveip — Resolve Host name to IP Address or Vice Versa

5. MySQL Server Administration     [+/-]

5.1. The MySQL Server     [+/-]

5.1.1. Server Option and Variable Reference

5.1.2. Server Command Options

5.1.3. Server System Variables

5.1.4. Using System Variables

5.1.5. Server Status Variables

5.1.6. Server SQL Modes

5.1.7. Server Plugins

5.1.8. Server-Side Help

5.1.9. Server Response to Signals

5.1.10. The Shutdown Process

5.2. MySQL Server Logs     [+/-]

5.2.1. Selecting General Query and Slow Query Log Output Destinations

5.2.2. The Error Log

5.2.3. The General Query Log

5.2.4. The Binary Log

5.2.5. The Slow Query Log

5.2.6. Server Log Maintenance

5.3. General Security Issues     [+/-]

5.3.1. General Security Guidelines

5.3.2. Password Security in MySQL

5.3.3. Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers

5.3.4. Security-Related mysqld Options

5.3.5. Security Issues with LOAD DATA LOCAL

5.3.6. How to Run MySQL as a Normal User

5.4. The MySQL Access Privilege System     [+/-]

5.4.1. Privileges Provided by MySQL

5.4.2. Privilege System Grant Tables

5.4.3. Specifying Account Names

5.4.4. Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification

5.4.5. Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification

5.4.6. When Privilege Changes Take Effect

5.4.7. Causes of Access-Denied Errors

5.5. MySQL User Account Management     [+/-]

5.5.1. User Names and Passwords

5.5.2. Adding User Accounts

5.5.3. Removing User Accounts

5.5.4. Setting Account Resource Limits

5.5.5. Assigning Account Passwords

5.5.6. Pluggable Authentication

5.5.7. Proxy Users

5.5.8. Using SSL for Secure Connections

5.5.9. Connecting to MySQL Remotely from Windows with SSH

5.5.10. Auditing MySQL Account Activity

5.6. Running Multiple MySQL Instances on One Machine     [+/-]

5.6.1. Setting Up Multiple Data Directories

5.6.2. Running Multiple MySQL Instances on Windows

5.6.3. Running Multiple MySQL Instances on Unix

5.6.4. Using Client Programs in a Multiple-Server Environment

5.7. Tracing mysqld Using DTrace     [+/-]

5.7.1. mysqld DTrace Probe Reference

6. Backup and Recovery     [+/-]

6.1. Backup and Recovery Types

6.2. Database Backup Methods

6.3. Example Backup and Recovery Strategy     [+/-]

6.3.1. Establishing a Backup Policy

6.3.2. Using Backups for Recovery

6.3.3. Backup Strategy Summary

6.4. Using mysqldump for Backups     [+/-]

6.4.1. Dumping Data in SQL Format with mysqldump

6.4.2. Reloading SQL-Format Backups

6.4.3. Dumping Data in Delimited-Text Format with mysqldump

6.4.4. Reloading Delimited-Text Format Backups

6.4.5. mysqldump Tips

6.5. Point-in-Time (Incremental) Recovery Using the Binary Log     [+/-]

6.5.1. Point-in-Time Recovery Using Event Times

6.5.2. Point-in-Time Recovery Using Event Positions

6.6. MyISAM Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery     [+/-]

6.6.1. Using myisamchk for Crash Recovery

6.6.2. How to Check MyISAM Tables for Errors

6.6.3. How to Repair MyISAM Tables

6.6.4. MyISAM Table Optimization

6.6.5. Setting Up a MyISAM Table Maintenance Schedule

7. Optimization     [+/-]

7.1. Optimization Overview

7.2. Optimizing SQL Statements     [+/-]

7.2.1. Optimizing SELECT Statements

7.2.2. Optimizing DML Statements

7.2.3. Optimizing Database Privileges

7.2.4. Optimizing INFORMATION_SCHEMA Queries

7.2.5. Other Optimization Tips

7.3. Optimization and Indexes     [+/-]

7.3.1. How MySQL Uses Indexes

7.3.2. Using Primary Keys

7.3.3. Using Foreign Keys

7.3.4. Column Indexes

7.3.5. Multiple-Column Indexes

7.3.6. Verifying Index Usage

7.3.7. InnoDB and MyISAM Index Statistics Collection

7.3.8. Comparison of B-Tree and Hash Indexes

7.4. Optimizing Database Structure     [+/-]

7.4.1. Optimizing Data Size

7.4.2. Optimizing MySQL Data Types

7.4.3. Optimizing for Many Tables

7.5. Optimizing for InnoDB Tables     [+/-]

7.5.1. Optimizing Storage Layout for InnoDB Tables

7.5.2. Optimizing InnoDB Transaction Management

7.5.3. Optimizing InnoDB Logging

7.5.4. Bulk Data Loading for InnoDB Tables

7.5.5. Optimizing InnoDB Queries

7.5.6. Optimizing InnoDB DDL Operations

7.5.7. Optimizing InnoDB Disk I/O

7.5.8. Optimizing InnoDB Configuration Variables

7.5.9. Optimizing InnoDB for Systems with Many Tables

7.6. Optimizing for MyISAM Tables     [+/-]

7.6.1. Optimizing MyISAM Queries

7.6.2. Bulk Data Loading for MyISAM Tables

7.6.3. Speed of REPAIR TABLE Statements

7.7. Optimizing for MEMORY Tables

7.8. Understanding the Query Execution Plan     [+/-]

7.8.1. Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN

7.8.2. EXPLAIN Output Format

7.8.3. Estimating Query Performance

7.8.4. Controlling the Query Optimizer

7.9. Buffering and Caching     [+/-]

7.9.1. The InnoDB Buffer Pool

7.9.2. The MyISAM Key Cache

7.9.3. The MySQL Query Cache

7.10. Optimizing Locking Operations     [+/-]

7.10.1. Internal Locking Methods

7.10.2. Table Locking Issues

7.10.3. Concurrent Inserts

7.10.4. Metadata Locking Within Transactions

7.10.5. External Locking

7.11. Optimizing the MySQL Server     [+/-]

7.11.1. System Factors and Startup Parameter Tuning

7.11.2. Tuning Server Parameters

7.11.3. Optimizing Disk I/O

7.11.4. Optimizing Memory Use

7.11.5. Optimizing Network Use

7.11.6. The Thread Pool Plugin

7.12. Measuring Performance (Benchmarking)     [+/-]

7.12.1. Measuring the Speed of Expressions and Functions

7.12.2. The MySQL Benchmark Suite

7.12.3. Using Your Own Benchmarks

7.12.4. Measuring Performance with performance_schema

7.12.5. Examining Thread Information

7.13. Internal Details of MySQL Optimizations     [+/-]

7.13.1. Range Optimization

7.13.2. Index Merge Optimization

7.13.3. Engine Condition Pushdown Optimization

7.13.4. IS NULL Optimization

7.13.5. LEFT JOIN and RIGHT JOIN Optimization

7.13.6. Nested-Loop Join Algorithms

7.13.7. Nested Join Optimization

7.13.8. Outer Join Simplification

7.13.9. ORDER BY Optimization

7.13.10. GROUP BY Optimization

7.13.11. DISTINCT Optimization

7.13.12. Optimizing IN/=ANY Subqueries

8. Language Structure     [+/-]

8.1. Literal Values     [+/-]

8.1.1. String Literals

8.1.2. Number Literals

8.1.3. Date and Time Literals

8.1.4. Hexadecimal Literals

8.1.5. Boolean Literals

8.1.6. Bit-Field Literals

8.1.7. NULL Values

8.2. Schema Object Names     [+/-]

8.2.1. Identifier Qualifiers

8.2.2. Identifier Case Sensitivity

8.2.3. Mapping of Identifiers to File Names

8.2.4. Function Name Parsing and Resolution

8.3. Reserved Words

8.4. User-Defined Variables

8.5. Expression Syntax

8.6. Comment Syntax

9. Globalization     [+/-]

9.1. Character Set Support     [+/-]

9.1.1. Character Sets and Collations in General

9.1.2. Character Sets and Collations in MySQL

9.1.3. Specifying Character Sets and Collations

9.1.4. Connection Character Sets and Collations

9.1.5. Configuring the Character Set and Collation for Applications

9.1.6. Character Set for Error Messages

9.1.7. Collation Issues

9.1.8. String Repertoire

9.1.9. Operations Affected by Character Set Support

9.1.10. Unicode Support

9.1.11. Upgrading from Previous to Current Unicode Support

9.1.12. UTF-8 for Metadata

9.1.13. Column Character Set Conversion

9.1.14. Character Sets and Collations That MySQL Supports

9.2. Setting the Error Message Language

9.3. Adding a Character Set     [+/-]

9.3.1. Character Definition Arrays

9.3.2. String Collating Support for Complex Character Sets

9.3.3. Multi-Byte Character Support for Complex Character Sets

9.4. Adding a Collation to a Character Set     [+/-]

9.4.1. Collation Implementation Types

9.4.2. Choosing a Collation ID

9.4.3. Adding a Simple Collation to an 8-Bit Character Set

9.4.4. Adding a UCA Collation to a Unicode Character Set

9.5. Character Set Configuration

9.6. MySQL Server Time Zone Support     [+/-]

9.6.1. Staying Current with Time Zone Changes

9.6.2. Time Zone Leap Second Support

9.7. MySQL Server Locale Support

10. Data Types     [+/-]

10.1. Data Type Overview     [+/-]

10.1.1. Numeric Type Overview

10.1.2. Date and Time Type Overview

10.1.3. String Type Overview

10.1.4. Data Type Default Values

10.2. Numeric Types     [+/-]

10.2.1. Integer Types (Exact Value)

10.2.2. Fixed-Point Types (Exact Value)

10.2.3. Floating-Point Types (Approximate Value)

10.2.4. Bit-Value Type

10.2.5. Numeric Type Attributes

10.2.6. Out-of-Range and Overflow Handling

10.3. Date and Time Types     [+/-]

10.3.1. The DATE, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP Types

10.3.2. The TIME Type

10.3.3. The YEAR Type

10.3.4. Fractional Seconds in Time Values

10.3.5. Conversion Between Date and Time Types

10.3.6. Two-Digit Years in Dates

10.4. String Types     [+/-]

10.4.1. The CHAR and VARCHAR Types

10.4.2. The BINARY and VARBINARY Types

10.4.3. The BLOB and TEXT Types

10.4.4. The ENUM Type

10.4.5. The SET Type

10.5. Data Type Storage Requirements

10.6. Choosing the Right Type for a Column

10.7. Using Data Types from Other Database Engines

11. Functions and Operators     [+/-]

11.1. Function and Operator Reference

11.2. Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation

11.3. Operators     [+/-]

11.3.1. Operator Precedence

11.3.2. Comparison Functions and Operators

11.3.3. Logical Operators

11.3.4. Assignment Operators

11.4. Control Flow Functions

11.5. String Functions     [+/-]

11.5.1. String Comparison Functions

11.5.2. Regular Expressions

11.6. Numeric Functions and Operators     [+/-]

11.6.1. Arithmetic Operators

11.6.2. Mathematical Functions

11.7. Date and Time Functions

11.8. What Calendar Is Used By MySQL?

11.9. Full-Text Search Functions     [+/-]

11.9.1. Natural Language Full-Text Searches

11.9.2. Boolean Full-Text Searches

11.9.3. Full-Text Searches with Query Expansion

11.9.4. Full-Text Stopwords

11.9.5. Full-Text Restrictions

11.9.6. Fine-Tuning MySQL Full-Text Search

11.9.7. Adding a Collation for Full-Text Indexing

11.10. Cast Functions and Operators

11.11. XML Functions

11.12. Bit Functions

11.13. Encryption and Compression Functions

11.14. Information Functions

11.15. Miscellaneous Functions

11.16. Functions and Modifiers for Use with GROUP BY Clauses     [+/-]

11.16.1. GROUP BY (Aggregate) Functions

11.16.2. GROUP BY Modifiers

11.16.3. GROUP BY and HAVING with Hidden Columns

11.17. Spatial Extensions     [+/-]

11.17.1. Introduction to MySQL Spatial Support

11.17.2. The OpenGIS Geometry Model

11.17.3. Supported Spatial Data Formats

11.17.4. Creating a Spatially Enabled MySQL Database

11.17.5. Spatial Analysis Functions

11.17.6. Optimizing Spatial Analysis

11.17.7. MySQL Conformance and Compatibility

11.18. Precision Math     [+/-]

11.18.1. Types of Numeric Values

11.18.2. DECIMAL Data Type Changes

11.18.3. Expression Handling

11.18.4. Rounding Behavior

11.18.5. Precision Math Examples

12. SQL Statement Syntax     [+/-]

12.1. Data Definition Statements     [+/-]

12.1.1. ALTER DATABASE Syntax

12.1.2. ALTER EVENT Syntax

12.1.3. ALTER LOGFILE GROUP Syntax

12.1.4. ALTER FUNCTION Syntax

12.1.5. ALTER PROCEDURE Syntax

12.1.6. ALTER SERVER Syntax

12.1.7. ALTER TABLE Syntax

12.1.8. ALTER TABLESPACE Syntax

12.1.9. ALTER VIEW Syntax

12.1.10. CREATE DATABASE Syntax

12.1.11. CREATE EVENT Syntax

12.1.12. CREATE FUNCTION Syntax

12.1.13. CREATE INDEX Syntax

12.1.14. CREATE LOGFILE GROUP Syntax

12.1.15. CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Syntax

12.1.16. CREATE SERVER Syntax

12.1.17. CREATE TABLE Syntax

12.1.18. CREATE TABLESPACE Syntax

12.1.19. CREATE TRIGGER Syntax

12.1.20. CREATE VIEW Syntax

12.1.21. DROP DATABASE Syntax

12.1.22. DROP EVENT Syntax

12.1.23. DROP FUNCTION Syntax

12.1.24. DROP INDEX Syntax

12.1.25. DROP LOGFILE GROUP Syntax

12.1.26. DROP PROCEDURE and DROP FUNCTION Syntax

12.1.27. DROP SERVER Syntax

12.1.28. DROP TABLE Syntax

12.1.29. DROP TABLESPACE Syntax

12.1.30. DROP TRIGGER Syntax

12.1.31. DROP VIEW Syntax

12.1.32. RENAME TABLE Syntax

12.1.33. TRUNCATE TABLE Syntax

12.2. Data Manipulation Statements     [+/-]

12.2.1. CALL Syntax

12.2.2. DELETE Syntax

12.2.3. DO Syntax

12.2.4. HANDLER Syntax

12.2.5. INSERT Syntax

12.2.6. LOAD DATA INFILE Syntax

12.2.7. LOAD XML Syntax

12.2.8. REPLACE Syntax

12.2.9. SELECT Syntax

12.2.10. Subquery Syntax

12.2.11. UPDATE Syntax

12.3. MySQL Transactional and Locking Statements     [+/-]

12.3.1. START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Syntax

12.3.2. Statements That Cannot Be Rolled Back

12.3.3. Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit

12.3.4. SAVEPOINT and ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT Syntax

12.3.5. LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Syntax

12.3.6. SET TRANSACTION Syntax

12.3.7. XA Transactions

12.4. Replication Statements     [+/-]

12.4.1. SQL Statements for Controlling Master Servers

12.4.2. SQL Statements for Controlling Slave Servers

12.5. SQL Syntax for Prepared Statements     [+/-]

12.5.1. PREPARE Syntax

12.5.2. EXECUTE Syntax

12.5.3. DEALLOCATE PREPARE Syntax

12.5.4. Automatic Prepared Statement Repreparation

12.6. MySQL Compound-Statement Syntax     [+/-]

12.6.1. BEGIN ... END Compound-Statement Syntax

12.6.2. Statement Label Syntax

12.6.3. DECLARE Syntax

12.6.4. Variables in Stored Programs

12.6.5. Flow Control Statements

12.6.6. Cursors

12.6.7. Condition Handling

12.7. Database Administration Statements     [+/-]

12.7.1. Account Management Statements

12.7.2. Table Maintenance Statements

12.7.3. Plugin and User-Defined Function Statements

12.7.4. SET Syntax

12.7.5. SHOW Syntax

12.7.6. Other Administrative Statements

12.8. MySQL Utility Statements     [+/-]

12.8.1. DESCRIBE Syntax

12.8.2. EXPLAIN Syntax

12.8.3. HELP Syntax

12.8.4. USE Syntax

13. Storage Engines     [+/-]

13.1. Setting the Storage Engine

13.2. Overview of MySQL Storage Engine Architecture     [+/-]

13.2.1. Pluggable Storage Engine Architecture

13.2.2. The Common Database Server Layer

13.3. The InnoDB Storage Engine     [+/-]

13.3.1. InnoDB as the Default MySQL Storage Engine

13.3.2. Configuring InnoDB

13.3.3. Using Per-Table Tablespaces

13.3.4. InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables

13.3.5. Creating and Using InnoDB Tables

13.3.6. Adding, Removing, or Resizing InnoDB Data and Log Files

13.3.7. Backing Up and Recovering an InnoDB Database

13.3.8. Moving an InnoDB Database to Another Machine

13.3.9. The InnoDB Transaction Model and Locking

13.3.10. InnoDB Multi-Versioning

13.3.11. InnoDB Table and Index Structures

13.3.12. InnoDB Disk I/O and File Space Management

13.3.13. InnoDB Error Handling

13.3.14. InnoDB Performance Tuning and Troubleshooting

13.3.15. Limits on InnoDB Tables

13.4. New Features of InnoDB 1.1     [+/-]

13.4.1. Introduction to InnoDB 1.1

13.4.2. Fast Index Creation in the InnoDB Storage Engine

13.4.3. InnoDB Data Compression

13.4.4. InnoDB File-Format Management

13.4.5. How InnoDB Stores Variable-Length Columns

13.4.6. InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA tables

13.4.7. InnoDB Performance and Scalability Enhancements

13.4.8. Changes for Flexibility, Ease of Use and Reliability

13.4.9. Installing the InnoDB Storage Engine

13.4.10. Upgrading the InnoDB Storage Engine

13.4.11. Downgrading the InnoDB Storage Engine

13.4.12. InnoDB Storage Engine Change History

13.4.13. Third-Party Software

13.4.14. List of Parameters Changed in InnoDB 1.1 and InnoDB Plugin 1.0

13.5. The MyISAM Storage Engine     [+/-]

13.5.1. MyISAM Startup Options

13.5.2. Space Needed for Keys

13.5.3. MyISAM Table Storage Formats

13.5.4. MyISAM Table Problems

13.6. The MEMORY Storage Engine

13.7. The CSV Storage Engine     [+/-]

13.7.1. Repairing and Checking CSV Tables

13.7.2. CSV Limitations

13.8. The ARCHIVE Storage Engine

13.9. The BLACKHOLE Storage Engine

13.10. The MERGE Storage Engine     [+/-]

13.10.1. MERGE Table Advantages and Disadvantages

13.10.2. MERGE Table Problems

13.11. The FEDERATED Storage Engine     [+/-]

13.11.1. FEDERATED Storage Engine Overview

13.11.2. How to Create FEDERATED Tables

13.11.3. FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips

13.11.4. FEDERATED Storage Engine Resources

13.12. The EXAMPLE Storage Engine

13.13. Other Storage Engines

14. High Availability and Scalability     [+/-]

14.1. Oracle VM Template for MySQL Enterprise Edition

14.2. Using MySQL with DRBD     [+/-]

14.2.1. Configuring the DRBD Environment

14.2.2. Configuring MySQL for DRBD

14.2.3. Optimizing Performance and Reliability

14.3. Using Linux HA Heartbeat     [+/-]

14.3.1. Heartbeat Configuration

14.3.2. Using Heartbeat with MySQL and DRBD

14.3.3. Using Heartbeat with DRBD and dopd

14.3.4. Dealing with System Level Errors

14.4. Using MySQL within an Amazon EC2 Instance     [+/-]

14.4.1. Setting Up MySQL on an EC2 AMI

14.4.2. EC2 Instance Limitations

14.4.3. Deploying a MySQL Database Using EC2

14.5. Using ZFS Replication     [+/-]

14.5.1. Using ZFS for File System Replication

14.5.2. Configuring MySQL for ZFS Replication

14.5.3. Handling MySQL Recovery with ZFS

14.6. Using MySQL with memcached     [+/-]

14.6.1. Installing memcached

14.6.2. Using memcached

14.6.3. memcached Interfaces

14.6.4. Getting memcached Statistics

14.6.5. memcached FAQ

14.7. MySQL Proxy     [+/-]

14.7.1. MySQL Proxy Supported Platforms

14.7.2. Installing MySQL Proxy

14.7.3. MySQL Proxy Command Options

14.7.4. MySQL Proxy Scripting

14.7.5. Using MySQL Proxy

14.7.6. MySQL Proxy FAQ

15. Replication     [+/-]

15.1. Replication Configuration     [+/-]

15.1.1. How to Set Up Replication

15.1.2. Replication Formats

15.1.3. Replication and Binary Logging Options and Variables

15.1.4. Common Replication Administration Tasks

15.2. Replication Implementation     [+/-]

15.2.1. Replication Implementation Details

15.2.2. Replication Relay and Status Logs

15.2.3. How Servers Evaluate Replication Filtering Rules

15.3. Replication Solutions     [+/-]

15.3.1. Using Replication for Backups

15.3.2. Using Replication with Different Master and Slave Storage Engines

15.3.3. Using Replication for Scale-Out

15.3.4. Replicating Different Databases to Different Slaves

15.3.5. Improving Replication Performance

15.3.6. Switching Masters During Failover

15.3.7. Setting Up Replication Using SSL

15.3.8. Semisynchronous Replication

15.4. Replication Notes and Tips     [+/-]

15.4.1. Replication Features and Issues

15.4.2. Replication Compatibility Between MySQL Versions

15.4.3. Upgrading a Replication Setup

15.4.4. Troubleshooting Replication

15.4.5. How to Report Replication Bugs or Problems

16. MySQL Cluster NDB 7.2     [+/-]

16.1. MySQL Cluster Overview     [+/-]

16.1.1. MySQL Cluster Core Concepts

16.1.2. MySQL Cluster Nodes, Node Groups, Replicas, and Partitions

16.1.3. MySQL Cluster Hardware, Software, and Networking Requirements

16.1.4. MySQL Cluster Development History

16.1.5. MySQL Server using InnoDB Compared with MySQL Cluster

16.1.6. Known Limitations of MySQL Cluster

16.2. MySQL Cluster Installation     [+/-]

16.2.1. Installing MySQL Cluster on Linux

16.2.2. Installing MySQL Cluster on Windows

16.2.3. Initial Configuration of MySQL Cluster

16.2.4. Initial Startup of MySQL Cluster

16.2.5. MySQL Cluster Example with Tables and Data

16.2.6. Safe Shutdown and Restart of MySQL Cluster

16.3. MySQL Cluster Configuration     [+/-]

16.3.1. Quick Test Setup of MySQL Cluster

16.3.2. MySQL Cluster Configuration Files

16.3.3. Overview of MySQL Cluster Configuration Parameters

16.3.4. MySQL Server Options and Variables for MySQL Cluster

16.3.5. Using High-Speed Interconnects with MySQL Cluster

16.4. MySQL Cluster Programs     [+/-]

16.4.1. MySQL Server Usage for MySQL Cluster

16.4.2. ndbd — The MySQL Cluster Data Node Daemon

16.4.3. ndbmtd — The MySQL Cluster Data Node Daemon (Multi-Threaded)

16.4.4. ndb_mgmd — The MySQL Cluster Management Server Daemon

16.4.5. ndb_mgm — The MySQL Cluster Management Client

16.4.6. ndb_config — Extract MySQL Cluster Configuration Information

16.4.7. ndb_cpcd — Automate Testing for NDB Development

16.4.8. ndb_delete_all — Delete All Rows from an NDB Table

16.4.9. ndb_desc — Describe NDB Tables

16.4.10. ndb_drop_index — Drop Index from an NDB Table

16.4.11. ndb_drop_table — Drop an NDB Table

16.4.12. ndb_error_reporter — NDB Error-Reporting Utility

16.4.13. ndb_print_backup_file — Print NDB Backup File Contents

16.4.14. ndb_print_schema_file — Print NDB Schema File Contents

16.4.15. ndb_print_sys_file — Print NDB System File Contents

16.4.16. ndbd_redo_log_reader — Check and Print Content of Cluster Redo Log

16.4.17. ndb_restore — Restore a MySQL Cluster Backup

16.4.18. ndb_select_all — Print Rows from an NDB Table

16.4.19. ndb_select_count — Print Row Counts for NDB Tables

16.4.20. ndb_show_tables — Display List of NDB Tables

16.4.21. ndb_size.pl — NDBCLUSTER Size Requirement Estimator

16.4.22. ndb_waiter — Wait for MySQL Cluster to Reach a Given Status

16.4.23. Options Common to MySQL Cluster Programs

16.5. Management of MySQL Cluster     [+/-]

16.5.1. Summary of MySQL Cluster Start Phases

16.5.2. Commands in the MySQL Cluster Management Client

16.5.3. Online Backup of MySQL Cluster

16.5.4. Performing a Rolling Restart of a MySQL Cluster

16.5.5. Event Reports Generated in MySQL Cluster

16.5.6. MySQL Cluster Log Messages

16.5.7. MySQL Cluster Single User Mode

16.5.8. Quick Reference: MySQL Cluster SQL Statements

16.5.9. The ndbinfo MySQL Cluster Information Database

16.5.10. MySQL Cluster Security Issues

16.5.11. MySQL Cluster Disk Data Tables

16.5.12. Adding MySQL Cluster Data Nodes Online

16.5.13. Distributed MySQL Privileges for MySQL Cluster

16.5.14. NDB API Statistics Counters and Variables

16.5.15. ndbmemcache

16.6. MySQL Cluster Replication     [+/-]

16.6.1. MySQL Cluster Replication: Abbreviations and Symbols

16.6.2. General Requirements for MySQL Cluster Replication

16.6.3. Known Issues in MySQL Cluster Replication

16.6.4. MySQL Cluster Replication Schema and Tables

16.6.5. Preparing the MySQL Cluster for Replication

16.6.6. Starting MySQL Cluster Replication (Single Replication Channel)

16.6.7. Using Two Replication Channels for MySQL Cluster Replication

16.6.8. Implementing Failover with MySQL Cluster Replication

16.6.9. MySQL Cluster Backups With MySQL Cluster Replication

16.6.10. MySQL Cluster Replication: Multi-Master and Circular Replication

16.6.11. MySQL Cluster Replication Conflict Resolution

16.7. Changes in MySQL Cluster     [+/-]

16.7.1. Changes in MySQL Cluster NDB 7.2

17. Partitioning     [+/-]

17.1. Overview of Partitioning in MySQL

17.2. Partitioning Types     [+/-]

17.2.1. RANGE Partitioning

17.2.2. LIST Partitioning

17.2.3. COLUMNS Partitioning

17.2.4. HASH Partitioning

17.2.5. KEY Partitioning

17.2.6. Subpartitioning

17.2.7. How MySQL Partitioning Handles NULL

17.3. Partition Management     [+/-]

17.3.1. Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions

17.3.2. Management of HASH and KEY Partitions

17.3.3. Maintenance of Partitions

17.3.4. Obtaining Information About Partitions

17.4. Partition Pruning

17.5. Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning     [+/-]

17.5.1. Partitioning Keys, Primary Keys, and Unique Keys

17.5.2. Partitioning Limitations Relating to Storage Engines

17.5.3. Partitioning Limitations Relating to Functions

18. Stored Programs and Views     [+/-]

18.1. Defining Stored Programs

18.2. Using Stored Routines (Procedures and Functions)     [+/-]

18.2.1. Stored Routine Syntax

18.2.2. Stored Routines and MySQL Privileges

18.2.3. Stored Routine Metadata

18.2.4. Stored Procedures, Functions, Triggers, and LAST_INSERT_ID()

18.3. Using Triggers     [+/-]

18.3.1. Trigger Syntax

18.3.2. Trigger Metadata

18.4. Using the Event Scheduler     [+/-]

18.4.1. Event Scheduler Overview

18.4.2. Event Scheduler Configuration

18.4.3. Event Syntax

18.4.4. Event Metadata

18.4.5. Event Scheduler Status

18.4.6. The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges

18.5. Using Views     [+/-]

18.5.1. View Syntax

18.5.2. View Processing Algorithms

18.5.3. Updatable and Insertable Views

18.5.4. View Metadata

18.6. Access Control for Stored Programs and Views

18.7. Binary Logging of Stored Programs

19. INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables     [+/-]

19.1. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER_SETS Table

19.2. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATIONS Table

19.3. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY Table

19.4. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMNS Table

19.5. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMN_PRIVILEGES Table

19.6. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ENGINES Table

19.7. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA EVENTS Table

19.8. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA FILES Table

19.9. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA GLOBAL_STATUS and SESSION_STATUS Tables

19.10. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA GLOBAL_VARIABLES and SESSION_VARIABLES Tables

19.11. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA KEY_COLUMN_USAGE Table

19.12. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARAMETERS Table

19.13. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARTITIONS Table

19.14. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PLUGINS Table

19.15. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROCESSLIST Table

19.16. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROFILING Table

19.17. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS Table

19.18. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES Table

19.19. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMATA Table

19.20. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES Table

19.21. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA STATISTICS Table

19.22. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table

19.23. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLESPACES Table

19.24. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_CONSTRAINTS Table

19.25. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_PRIVILEGES Table

19.26. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS Table

19.27. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA USER_PRIVILEGES Table

19.28. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEWS Table

19.29. INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables for InnoDB     [+/-]

19.29.1. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMP and INNODB_CMP_RESET Tables

19.29.2. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMPMEM and INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET Tables

19.29.3. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TRX Table

19.29.4. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_LOCKS Table

19.29.5. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_LOCK_WAITS Table

19.30. Thread Pool INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables     [+/-]

19.30.1. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TP_THREAD_STATE Table

19.30.2. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TP_THREAD_GROUP_STATE Table

19.30.3. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TP_THREAD_GROUP_STATS Table

19.31. Other INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables

19.32. Extensions to SHOW Statements

20. MySQL Performance Schema     [+/-]

20.1. Performance Schema Quick Start

20.2. Performance Schema Configuration     [+/-]

20.2.1. Performance Schema Build Configuration

20.2.2. Performance Schema Startup Configuration

20.2.3. Performance Schema Runtime Configuration

20.3. Performance Schema Queries

20.4. Performance Schema Instrument Naming Conventions

20.5. Performance Schema Status Monitoring

20.6. Performance Schema General Table Characteristics

20.7. Performance Schema Table Descriptions     [+/-]

20.7.1. Performance Schema Setup Tables

20.7.2. Performance Schema Instance Tables

20.7.3. Performance Schema Wait Event Tables

20.7.4. Performance Schema Summary Tables

20.7.5. Performance Schema Miscellaneous Tables

20.8. Performance Schema System Variables

20.9. Performance Schema Status Variables

20.10. Performance Schema and Plugins

20.11. Using the Performance Schema to Diagnose Problems

21. Connectors and APIs     [+/-]

21.1. MySQL Connector/ODBC     [+/-]

21.1.1. Connector/ODBC Versions

21.1.2. Connector/ODBC Introduction

21.1.3. Connector/ODBC Installation

21.1.4. Connector/ODBC Configuration

21.1.5. Connector/ODBC Examples

21.1.6. Connector/ODBC Reference

21.1.7. Connector/ODBC Notes and Tips

21.1.8. Connector/ODBC Support

21.2. MySQL Connector/Net     [+/-]

21.2.1. Connector/Net Versions

21.2.2. Connector/Net Installation

21.2.3. Connector/Net Visual Studio Integration

21.2.4. Connector/Net Tutorials

21.2.5. Connector/Net Programming

21.2.6. Connector/Net Connection String Options Reference

21.2.7. Connector/Net API Reference

21.2.8. Connector/Net Support

21.2.9. Connector/Net FAQ

21.3. MySQL Connector/J     [+/-]

21.3.1. Overview of MySQL Connector/J

21.3.2. Connector/J Versions

21.3.3. Connector/J Installation

21.3.4. Connector/J Examples

21.3.5. Connector/J (JDBC) Reference

21.3.6. JDBC Concepts

21.3.7. J2EE Concepts

21.3.8. Using Connector/J with Tomcat

21.3.9. Using Connector/J with JBoss

21.3.10. Using Connector/J with Spring

21.3.11. Using Connector/J with GlassFish

21.3.12. Troubleshooting Connector/J

21.3.13. Connector/J Support

21.4. MySQL Connector/MXJ     [+/-]

21.4.1. Overview of Connector/MXJ

21.4.2. Connector/MXJ Versions

21.4.3. Connector/MXJ Installation

21.4.4. Connector/MXJ Configuration

21.4.5. Connector/MXJ Reference

21.4.6. Connector/MXJ Notes and Tips

21.4.7. Connector/MXJ Samples

21.4.8. Connector/MXJ Support

21.5. MySQL Connector/C++     [+/-]

21.5.1. Installing the MySQL Connector/C++ Binary

21.5.2. Installing MySQL Connector/C++ from Source

21.5.3. MySQL Connector/C++ Building Windows Applications with Microsoft Visual Studio

21.5.4. MySQL Connector/C++ Building Linux Applications with NetBeans

21.5.5. MySQL Connector/C++ Getting Started: Usage Examples

21.5.6. MySQL Connector/C++ Tutorials

21.5.7. MySQL Connector/C++ Debug Tracing

21.5.8. MySQL Connector/C++ Usage Notes

21.5.9. MySQL Connector/C++ Known Bugs and Issues

21.5.10. MySQL Connector/C++ Feature requests

21.5.11. MySQL Connector/C++ Support

21.5.12. MySQL Connector/C++ FAQ

21.6. MySQL Connector/C     [+/-]

21.6.1. Building MySQL Connector/C from the Source Code

21.6.2. Testing MySQL Connector/C

21.6.3. MySQL Connector/C FAQ

21.7. MySQL Connector/OpenOffice.org     [+/-]

21.7.1. Installation

21.7.2. Getting Started: Connecting to MySQL

21.7.3. Getting Started: Usage Examples

21.7.4. References

21.7.5. Known Bugs

21.7.6. Contact

21.8. libmysqld, the Embedded MySQL Server Library     [+/-]

21.8.1. Compiling Programs with libmysqld

21.8.2. Restrictions When Using the Embedded MySQL Server

21.8.3. Options with the Embedded Server

21.8.4. Embedded Server Examples

21.8.5. Licensing the Embedded Server

21.9. MySQL C API     [+/-]

21.9.1. C API Data Structures

21.9.2. C API Function Overview

21.9.3. C API Function Descriptions

21.9.4. C API Prepared Statements

21.9.5. C API Prepared Statement Data Structures

21.9.6. C API Prepared Statement Function Overview

21.9.7. C API Prepared Statement Function Descriptions

21.9.8. C API Threaded Function Descriptions

21.9.9. C API Embedded Server Function Descriptions

21.9.10. C API Client Plugin Functions

21.9.11. Common Questions and Problems When Using the C API

21.9.12. Controlling Automatic Reconnection Behavior

21.9.13. C API Support for Multiple Statement Execution

21.9.14. C API Prepared Statement Problems

21.9.15. C API Prepared Statement Handling of Date and Time Values

21.9.16. C API Support for Prepared CALL Statements

21.9.17. Building Client Programs

21.10. MySQL PHP API     [+/-]

21.10.1. Original MySQL API (Mysql)

21.10.2. MySQL Improved Extension (Mysqli)

21.10.3. MySQL Native Driver (Mysqlnd)

21.10.4. MySQL Functions (PDO_MYSQL) (MySQL (PDO))

21.10.5. Connector/PHP

21.10.6. Common Problems with MySQL and PHP

21.10.7. Enabling Both mysql and mysqli in PHP

21.11. MySQL Perl API

21.12. MySQL Python API

21.13. MySQL Ruby APIs     [+/-]

21.13.1. The MySQL/Ruby API

21.13.2. The Ruby/MySQL API

21.14. MySQL Tcl API

21.15. MySQL Eiffel Wrapper

22. Extending MySQL     [+/-]

22.1. MySQL Internals     [+/-]

22.1.1. MySQL Threads

22.1.2. The MySQL Test Suite

22.2. The MySQL Plugin API     [+/-]

22.2.1. Plugin API Characteristics

22.2.2. Plugin API Components

22.2.3. Types of Plugins

22.2.4. Writing Plugins

22.2.5. MySQL Services for Plugins

22.3. Adding New Functions to MySQL     [+/-]

22.3.1. Features of the User-Defined Function Interface

22.3.2. Adding a New User-Defined Function

22.3.3. Adding a New Native Function

22.4. Adding New Procedures to MySQL     [+/-]

22.4.1. PROCEDURE ANALYSE

22.4.2. Writing a Procedure

22.5. Debugging and Porting MySQL     [+/-]

22.5.1. Debugging a MySQL Server

22.5.2. Debugging a MySQL Client

22.5.3. The DBUG Package

23. MySQL Enterprise Monitor

24. MySQL Enterprise Backup

25. MySQL Workbench

A. Licenses for Third-Party Components     [+/-]

A.1. Ant-Contrib License

A.2. ANTLR 3.3 License

A.3. Boost Library License

A.4. dtoa.c License

A.5. Editline Library (libedit) License

A.6. FindGTest.cmake License

A.7. Fred Fish's Dbug Library License

A.8. getarg License

A.9. GLib License (for MySQL Proxy)

A.10. GNU General Public License Version 2.0, June 1991

A.11. GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1, February 1999

A.12. GNU Libtool License

A.13. GNU Readline License

A.14. Google Controlling Master Thread I/O Rate Patch License

A.15. Google Perftools (TCMalloc utility) License

A.16. Google SMP Patch License

A.17. lib_sql.cc License

A.18. libevent License

A.19. Linux-PAM License

A.20. LPeg Library License

A.21. Lua (liblua) License

A.22. LuaFileSystem Library License

A.23. md5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5) License

A.24. nt_servc (Windows NT Service class library) License

A.25. OpenPAM License

A.26. PCRE License

A.27. Percona Multiple I/O Threads Patch License

A.28. RegEX-Spencer Library License

A.29. RFC 3174 - US Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1) License

A.30. Richard A. O'Keefe String Library License

A.31. SHA-1 in C License

A.32. Simple Logging Facade for Java (SLF4J) License

A.33. zlib License

A.34. ZLIB.NET License

B. MySQL 5.5 Frequently Asked Questions     [+/-]

B.1. MySQL 5.5 FAQ: General

B.2. MySQL 5.5 FAQ: Storage Engines

B.3. MySQL 5.5 FAQ: Server SQL Mode

B.4. MySQL 5.5 FAQ: Stored Procedures and Functions

B.5. MySQL 5.5 FAQ: Triggers

B.6. MySQL 5.5 FAQ: Views

B.7. MySQL 5.5 FAQ: INFORMATION_SCHEMA

B.8. MySQL 5.5 FAQ: Migration

B.9. MySQL 5.5 FAQ: Security

B.10. MySQL FAQ: MySQL 5.5 and MySQL Cluster

B.11. MySQL 5.5 FAQ: MySQL Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Character Sets

B.12. MySQL 5.5 FAQ: Connectors & APIs

B.13. MySQL 5.5 FAQ: Replication

B.14. MySQL 5.5 FAQ: MySQL, DRBD, and Heartbeat     [+/-]

B.14.1. Distributed Replicated Block Device (DRBD)

B.14.2. Linux Heartbeat

B.14.3. DRBD Architecture

B.14.4. DRBD and MySQL Replication

B.14.5. DRBD and File Systems

B.14.6. DRBD and LVM

B.14.7. DRBD and Virtualization

B.14.8. DRBD and Security

B.14.9. DRBD and System Requirements

B.14.10. DRBD and Support and Consulting

C. Errors, Error Codes, and Common Problems     [+/-]

C.1. Sources of Error Information

C.2. Types of Error Values

C.3. Server Error Codes and Messages

C.4. Client Error Codes and Messages

C.5. Problems and Common Errors     [+/-]

C.5.1. How to Determine What Is Causing a Problem

C.5.2. Common Errors When Using MySQL Programs

C.5.3. Installation-Related Issues

C.5.4. Administration-Related Issues

C.5.5. Query-Related Issues

C.5.6. Optimizer-Related Issues

C.5.7. Table Definition-Related Issues

C.5.8. Known Issues in MySQL

D. MySQL Change History     [+/-]

D.1. Changes in Release 5.5.x (Production)     [+/-]

D.1.1. Changes in MySQL 5.5.21 (Not yet released)

D.1.2. Changes in MySQL 5.5.20 (10 January 2012)

D.1.3. Changes in MySQL 5.5.19 (08 December 2011)

D.1.4. Changes in MySQL 5.5.18 (16 November 2011)

D.1.5. Changes in MySQL 5.5.17 (19 October 2011)

D.1.6. Changes in MySQL 5.5.16 (15 September 2011)

D.1.7. Changes in MySQL 5.5.15 (28 July 2011)

D.1.8. Changes in MySQL 5.5.14 (05 July 2011)

D.1.9. Changes in MySQL 5.5.13 (31 May 2011)

D.1.10. Changes in MySQL 5.5.12 (05 May 2011)

D.1.11. Changes in MySQL 5.5.11 (07 April 2011)

D.1.12. Changes in MySQL 5.5.10 (15 March 2011)

D.1.13. Changes in MySQL 5.5.9 (07 February 2011)

D.1.14. Changes in MySQL 5.5.8 (03 December 2010, General Availability)

D.1.15. Changes in MySQL 5.5.7 (14 October 2010)

D.1.16. Changes in MySQL 5.5.6 (13 September 2010, Release Candidate)

D.1.17. Changes in MySQL 5.5.5 (06 July 2010)

D.1.18. Changes in MySQL 5.5.4 (09 April 2010)

D.1.19. Changes in MySQL 5.5.3 (24 March 2010, Milestone 3)

D.1.20. Changes in MySQL 5.5.2 (12 February 2010)

D.1.21. Changes in MySQL 5.5.1 (04 January 2010)

D.1.22. Changes in MySQL 5.5.0 (07 December 2009, Milestone 2)

D.2. MySQL Connector/ODBC (MyODBC) Change History     [+/-]

D.2.1. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC Version 5.1.x

D.2.2. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC Version 5.0.x

D.2.3. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC Version 3.51.x

D.3. MySQL Connector/Net Change History     [+/-]

D.3.1. Changes in MySQL Connector/Net Version 6.5.x

D.3.2. Changes in MySQL Connector/Net Version 6.4.x

D.3.3. Changes in MySQL Connector/Net Version 6.3.x

D.3.4. Changes in MySQL Connector/Net Version 6.2.x

D.3.5. Changes in MySQL Connector/Net Version 6.1.x

D.3.6. Changes in MySQL Connector/Net Version 6.0.x

D.3.7. Changes in MySQL Connector/Net Version 5.3.x

D.3.8. Changes in MySQL Connector/Net Version 5.2.x

D.3.9. Changes in MySQL Connector/Net Version 5.1.x

D.3.10. Changes in MySQL Connector/Net Version 5.0.x

D.3.11. Changes in MySQL Connector/Net Version 1.0.x

D.3.12. Changes in MySQL Connector/Net Version 0.9.0 (30 August 2004)

D.3.13. Changes in MySQL Connector/Net Version 0.76

D.3.14. Changes in MySQL Connector/Net Version 0.75

D.3.15. Changes in MySQL Connector/Net Version 0.74

D.3.16. Changes in MySQL Connector/Net Version 0.71

D.3.17. Changes in MySQL Connector/Net Version 0.70

D.3.18. Changes in MySQL Connector/Net Version 0.68

D.3.19. Changes in MySQL Connector/Net Version 0.65

D.3.20. Changes in MySQL Connector/Net Version 0.60

D.3.21. Changes in MySQL Connector/Net Version 0.50

D.4. MySQL Visual Studio Plugin Change History     [+/-]

D.4.1. Changes in MySQL Visual Studio Plugin 1.0.3 (Not yet released)

D.4.2. Changes in MySQL Visual Studio Plugin 1.0.2 (Not yet released)

D.4.3. Changes in MySQL Visual Studio Plugin 1.0.1 (04 October 2006)

D.4.4. Changes in MySQL Visual Studio Plugin 1.0.0 (04 October 2006)

D.5. MySQL Connector/J Change History     [+/-]

D.5.1. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 5.1.x

D.5.2. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 5.0.x

D.5.3. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 3.1.x

D.5.4. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 3.0.x

D.5.5. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 2.0.x

D.5.6. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 1.2.x and lower

D.6. MySQL Connector/MXJ Change History     [+/-]

D.6.1. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.12 (07 July 2011)

D.6.2. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.11 (24 November 2009)

D.6.3. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.10 (Not released)

D.6.4. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.9 (19 August 2008)

D.6.5. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.8 (06 August 2007)

D.6.6. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.7 (27 May 2007)

D.6.7. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.6 (04 May 2007)

D.6.8. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.5 (14 March 2007)

D.6.9. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.4 (28 January 2007)

D.6.10. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.3 (24 June 2006)

D.6.11. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.2 (15 June 2006)

D.6.12. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.1 (Not released)

D.6.13. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.0 (09 December 2005)

D.7. MySQL Connector/C++ Change History     [+/-]

D.7.1. Changes in MySQL Connector/C++ 1.1.x

D.7.2. Changes in MySQL Connector/C++ 1.0.x

D.8. MySQL Proxy Change History     [+/-]

D.8.1. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.8.2 (18 August 2011)

D.8.2. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.8.1 (13 September 2010)

D.8.3. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.8.0 (21 January 2010)

D.8.4. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.7.2 (30 June 2009)

D.8.5. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.7.1 (15 May 2009)

D.8.6. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.7.0 (Not Released)

D.8.7. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.6.1 (06 February 2008)

D.8.8. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.6.0 (11 September 2007)

D.8.9. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.5.1 (30 June 2007)

D.8.10. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.5.0 (19 June 2007)

E. Restrictions and Limits     [+/-]

E.1. Restrictions on Stored Programs

E.2. Restrictions on Condition Handling

E.3. Restrictions on Server-Side Cursors

E.4. Restrictions on Subqueries

E.5. Restrictions on Views

E.6. Restrictions on XA Transactions

E.7. Restrictions on Character Sets

E.8. Restrictions on Performance Schema

E.9. Restrictions on Pluggable Authentication

E.10. Limits in MySQL     [+/-]

E.10.1. Limits of Joins

E.10.2. Limits on Number of Databases and Tables

E.10.3. Limits on Table Size

E.10.4. Table Column-Count and Row-Size Limits

E.10.5. Windows Platform Limitations

Index

Standard Index

C Function Index

Command Index

Function Index

INFORMATION_SCHEMA Index

Transaction Isolation Level Index

JOIN Types Index

Operator Index

Option Index

Privileges Index

SQL Modes Index

Status Variable Index

Statement/Syntax Index

System Variable Index