java.rst

Java(tm) Binary Kernel Support for Linux v1.03

Linux beats them ALL! While all other OS's are TALKING about direct support of Java Binaries in the OS, Linux is doing it!

You can execute Java applications and Java Applets just like any other program after you have done the following:

1. You MUST FIRST install the Java Developers Kit for Linux. The Java on Linux HOWTO gives the details on getting and installing this. This HOWTO can be found at:

   ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/Java-HOWTO

   You should also set up a reasonable CLASSPATH environment variable to use Java applications that make use of any nonstandard classes (not included in the same directory as the application itself).

2. You have to compile BINFMT_MISC either as a module or into the kernel (CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC) and set it up properly. If you choose to compile it as a module, you will have to insert it manually with modprobe/insmod, as kmod cannot easily be supported with binfmt_misc. Read the file 'binfmt_misc.txt' in this directory to know more about the configuration process.

3. Add the following configuration items to binfmt_misc (you should really have read binfmt_misc.txt now): support for Java applications:

   ':Java:M::\xca\xfe\xba\xbe::/usr/local/bin/javawrapper:' 

   support for executable Jar files:

   ':ExecutableJAR:E::jar::/usr/local/bin/jarwrapper:' 

   support for Java Applets:

   ':Applet:E::html::/usr/bin/appletviewer:' 

   or the following, if you want to be more selective:

   ':Applet:M::<!--applet::/usr/bin/appletviewer:' 

   Of course you have to fix the path names. The path/file names given in this document match the Debian 2.1 system. (i.e. jdk installed in /usr, custom wrappers from this document in /usr/local)

   Note, that for the more selective applet support you have to modify existing html-files to contain <!--applet--> in the first line (< has to be the first character!) to let this work!

   For the compiled Java programs you need a wrapper script like the following (this is because Java is broken in case of the filename handling), again fix the path names, both in the script and in the above given configuration string.

   You, too, need the little program after the script. Compile like:

   gcc -O2 -o javaclassname javaclassname.c 

   and stick it to /usr/local/bin.

   Both the javawrapper shellscript and the javaclassname program were supplied by Colin J. Watson <cjw44@cam.ac.uk>.

Javawrapper shell script:

#!/bin/bash# /usr/local/bin/javawrapper - the wrapper for binfmt_misc/javaif [ -z"$1" ];thenexec1>&2echo Usage: $0 class-file exit 1 fi CLASS=$1 FQCLASS=`/usr/local/bin/javaclassname $1` FQCLASSN=`echo $FQCLASS| sed -e 's/^.*\.\([^.]*\)$/\1/'` FQCLASSP=`echo $FQCLASS| sed -e 's-\.-/-g' -e 's-^[^/]*$--' -e 's-/[^/]*$--'`# for example:# CLASS=Test.class# FQCLASS=foo.bar.Test# FQCLASSN=Test# FQCLASSP=foo/barunset CLASSBASE declare -i LINKLEVEL=0 while:;doif [ "`basename $CLASS .class`"=="$FQCLASSN" ];then# See if this directory works straight offcd -L `dirname $CLASS` CLASSDIR=$PWDcd$OLDPWDifecho$CLASSDIR| grep -q "$FQCLASSP$";then CLASSBASE=`echo $CLASSDIR| sed -e "s.$FQCLASSP$.."`break;fi# Try dereferencing the directory namecd -P `dirname $CLASS` CLASSDIR=$PWDcd$OLDPWDifecho$CLASSDIR| grep -q "$FQCLASSP$";then CLASSBASE=`echo $CLASSDIR| sed -e "s.$FQCLASSP$.."`break;fi# If no other possible filename existsif [ !-L$CLASS ];thenexec1>&2echo$0: echo"$CLASS should be in a" \ "directory tree called $FQCLASSP"exit 1 fifiif [ !-L$CLASS ];thenbreak;fi# Go down one more level of symbolic linkslet LINKLEVEL+=1 if [ $LINKLEVEL-gt 5 ];thenexec1>&2echo$0: echo" Too many symbolic links encountered"exit 1 fi CLASS=`ls --color=no -l $CLASS| sed -e 's/^.* \([^ ]*\)$/\1/'`doneif [ -z"$CLASSBASE" ];thenif [ -z"$FQCLASSP" ];then GOODNAME=$FQCLASSN.class else GOODNAME=$FQCLASSP/$FQCLASSN.class fiexec1>&2echo$0: echo"$FQCLASS should be in a file called $GOODNAME"exit 1 fiif!echo$CLASSPATH| grep -q "^\(.*:\)*$CLASSBASE\(:.*\)*";then# class is not in CLASSPATH, so prepend dir of class to CLASSPATHif [ -z"${CLASSPATH}" ] ;thenexport CLASSPATH=$CLASSBASEelseexport CLASSPATH=$CLASSBASE:$CLASSPATHfifishift /usr/bin/java $FQCLASS"$@"

javaclassname.c:

/* javaclassname.c * * Extracts the class name from a Java class file; intended for use in a Java * wrapper of the type supported by the binfmt_misc option in the Linux kernel. * * Copyright (C) 1999 Colin J. Watson <cjw44@cam.ac.uk>. * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA */#include<stdlib.h>#include<stdio.h>#include<stdarg.h>#include<sys/types.h>/* From Sun's Java VM Specification, as tag entries in the constant pool. */#defineCP_UTF8 1 #defineCP_INTEGER 3 #defineCP_FLOAT 4 #defineCP_LONG 5 #defineCP_DOUBLE 6 #defineCP_CLASS 7 #defineCP_STRING 8 #defineCP_FIELDREF 9 #defineCP_METHODREF 10 #defineCP_INTERFACEMETHODREF 11 #defineCP_NAMEANDTYPE 12 #defineCP_METHODHANDLE 15 #defineCP_METHODTYPE 16 #defineCP_INVOKEDYNAMIC 18 /* Define some commonly used error messages */#defineseek_error() error("%s: Cannot seek\n", program) #definecorrupt_error() error("%s: Class file corrupt\n", program) #defineeof_error() error("%s: Unexpected end of file\n", program) #defineutf8_error() error("%s: Only ASCII 1-255 supported\n", program); char*program; long*pool; u_int8_tread_8(FILE*classfile); u_int16_tread_16(FILE*classfile); voidskip_constant(FILE*classfile, u_int16_t*cur); voiderror(constchar*format, ...); intmain(intargc, char**argv); /* Reads in an unsigned 8-bit integer. */u_int8_tread_8(FILE*classfile) { intb=fgetc(classfile); if(b==EOF) eof_error(); return (u_int8_t)b; } /* Reads in an unsigned 16-bit integer. */u_int16_tread_16(FILE*classfile) { intb1, b2; b1=fgetc(classfile); if(b1==EOF) eof_error(); b2=fgetc(classfile); if(b2==EOF) eof_error(); return (u_int16_t)((b1 << 8) | b2); } /* Reads in a value from the constant pool. */voidskip_constant(FILE*classfile, u_int16_t*cur) { u_int16_tlen; intseekerr=1; pool[*cur] =ftell(classfile); switch(read_8(classfile)) { caseCP_UTF8: len=read_16(classfile); seekerr=fseek(classfile, len, SEEK_CUR); break; caseCP_CLASS: caseCP_STRING: caseCP_METHODTYPE: seekerr=fseek(classfile, 2, SEEK_CUR); break; caseCP_METHODHANDLE: seekerr=fseek(classfile, 3, SEEK_CUR); break; caseCP_INTEGER: caseCP_FLOAT: caseCP_FIELDREF: caseCP_METHODREF: caseCP_INTERFACEMETHODREF: caseCP_NAMEANDTYPE: caseCP_INVOKEDYNAMIC: seekerr=fseek(classfile, 4, SEEK_CUR); break; caseCP_LONG: caseCP_DOUBLE: seekerr=fseek(classfile, 8, SEEK_CUR); ++(*cur); break; default: corrupt_error(); } if(seekerr) seek_error(); } voiderror(constchar*format, ...) { va_listap; va_start(ap, format); vfprintf(stderr, format, ap); va_end(ap); exit(1); } intmain(intargc, char**argv) { FILE*classfile; u_int16_tcp_count, i, this_class, classinfo_ptr; u_int8_tlength; program=argv[0]; if(!argv[1]) error("%s: Missing input file\n", program); classfile=fopen(argv[1], "rb"); if(!classfile) error("%s: Error opening %s\n", program, argv[1]); if(fseek(classfile, 8, SEEK_SET)) /* skip magic and version numbers */seek_error(); cp_count=read_16(classfile); pool=calloc(cp_count, sizeof(long)); if(!pool) error("%s: Out of memory for constant pool\n", program); for(i=1; i<cp_count; ++i) skip_constant(classfile, &i); if(fseek(classfile, 2, SEEK_CUR)) /* skip access flags */seek_error(); this_class=read_16(classfile); if(this_class<1||this_class >= cp_count) corrupt_error(); if(!pool[this_class] ||pool[this_class] ==-1) corrupt_error(); if(fseek(classfile, pool[this_class] +1, SEEK_SET)) seek_error(); classinfo_ptr=read_16(classfile); if(classinfo_ptr<1||classinfo_ptr >= cp_count) corrupt_error(); if(!pool[classinfo_ptr] ||pool[classinfo_ptr] ==-1) corrupt_error(); if(fseek(classfile, pool[classinfo_ptr] +1, SEEK_SET)) seek_error(); length=read_16(classfile); for(i=0; i<length; ++i) { u_int8_tx=read_8(classfile); if((x&0x80) || !x) { if((x&0xE0) ==0xC0) { u_int8_ty=read_8(classfile); if((y&0xC0) ==0x80) { intc= ((x&0x1f) << 6) + (y&0x3f); if(c) putchar(c); elseutf8_error(); } elseutf8_error(); } elseutf8_error(); } elseif(x=='/') putchar('.'); elseputchar(x); } putchar('\n'); free(pool); fclose(classfile); return0; }

jarwrapper:

#!/bin/bash # /usr/local/java/bin/jarwrapper - the wrapper for binfmt_misc/jar java -jar $1 

Now simply chmod +x the .class, .jar and/or .html files you want to execute.

To add a Java program to your path best put a symbolic link to the main .class file into /usr/bin (or another place you like) omitting the .class extension. The directory containing the original .class file will be added to your CLASSPATH during execution.

To test your new setup, enter in the following simple Java app, and name it "HelloWorld.java":

classHelloWorld { publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[]) { System.out.println("Hello World!"); } }

Now compile the application with:

javac HelloWorld.java 

Set the executable permissions of the binary file, with:

chmod 755 HelloWorld.class 

And then execute it:

./HelloWorld.class 

To execute Java Jar files, simple chmod the *.jar files to include the execution bit, then just do:

./Application.jar 

To execute Java Applets, simple chmod the *.html files to include the execution bit, then just do:

./Applet.html 

originally by Brian A. Lantz, brian@lantz.com heavily edited for binfmt_misc by Richard Günther new scripts by Colin J. Watson <cjw44@cam.ac.uk> added executable Jar file support by Kurt Huwig <kurt@iku-netz.de>