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Programming SmallBASIC

Gerard Thomas Labèrnia

::: articleRight :: ::: articleRightInner :: Contents :::

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Preface

This document seeks to introduce students to the world of programming. It can be used not only for technology, but also drawing on other subjects, for example Mathematics, Physics, Music, English.

At the time of the first commercial computer programs were rare, the software that is the machine software was developed by the users themselves, who often programmed their own applications. It is important to recover this spirit so that students realize the importance of knowing how to program a computer to do their own programs.

Introduction to SmallBASIC {#intro}

Programming is the process of putting instructions on the computer to tell what functions are performed and in what order to do it. The aim of this subject began to make our first programs.

SmallBASIC is a language of computer programming based on BASIC. BASIC stands for Beginner's All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code.

BASIC language is a high level, as well as C and is very suitable for beginners in the world of programming. BASIC is one of the most popular programming languages. It's easy to learn and use, and their commands very similar to English (eg Print, Input) and its power.

SmallBASIC has a simple interface and many mathematical functions and graphics. It is an ideal tool for experimenting with simple algorithms and fun. It has a very simple structure for the programs, their lines can be numbered (10, 20, 30, etc.) are executed in order.

Structure of a program in SmallBASIC {#structure}

We can see the line numbers and the most common commands for separate two commands on one line, use the two points.

Window work SmallBASIC

Program Editor{#editor}

In this section you will learn to work with the program editor:

  • Enter the first program
  • Save the program file to disk
  • Recover files on disk
  • Run the program
  • Check it properly
  • Using Help
  • Leave SmallBASIC

Steps to follow:

I. We will create a folder on the USB drive to store programs. For example: Basic. I. Run the program My Computer> All Programs> SmallBASIC> SmallBASIC. I. The menu File> New file and type the following program:

Note: It is very important that you type the program exactly, otherwise the program will not work and get errors

10 REM First program 20 CLS 30 PRINT "Welcome to" 40 PRINT "basics": PLAY "CDE" 50 END

IV. Stores program previously created the directory, menu File> Save File As, how Example.BAS.

V. To skip this step. To retrieve the file from the program menu File> Open File.

VI. To run the program press the F9

VII. Checking If everything is correct, you get the following result and musical notes, but revised the lines of the program and run it again.

Welcome to the basics

VIII. Using help: Press F1.

IX. To leave SmallBASIC menu File> Exit

Interesting note: In the Edit menu, we have the options: Cut, Copy and Paste, very useful in editing programs, but have previously selected the mouse or text lines.

Keyboard shortcuts for working with the program:

+-------+----------------------------------------+ |F9 |Run the program. | +-------+----------------------------------------+ |Ctrl+F4|Close Tabs programs or program | | |information. | +-------+----------------------------------------+ |Ctrl+B |Stop the program (useful when it is in a| | |loop without leaving the program) | +-------+----------------------------------------+

Commands in SmallBASIC{#commands}

Screen commands{#screenCommands}

REM (remark) : Insert a comment in a program.

CLS (clear screen) : Delete everything on the screen.

COLOR : Change the text color and background of the screen Color code

COLOR A, B : Change the text color of the screen background color A and B.

PRINT (print) : View numerical data or text on the screen.

EX1.BAS

REM Command 10 PRINT 20 CLS 30 PRINT "HELLO" 40 COLOR 1.12: PRINT 20 + 20

Result screen:

HELLO 40

locate : Place the cursor on the screen in a coordinated expressed in rows and columns.

EX2.BAS

10 REM locate command 20 CLS 30 Locate 12,10 40 PRINT "HELLO"

Result screen:

Placing text and locate PRINT

INPUT : Enter the value of one variable from the keyboard.

EX3.BAS

10 REM Input Command 20 CLS 30 PRINT "Age?" 40 INPUT A 50 PRINT A: PRINT "Years"

Result screen:

Age ? 15 Years

(To keep the variable value 15 entered from the keyboard)

STOP : Stop the execution of a program.

END : Ending a program.

PAUSE : Stop the computer.

PAUSE t : Stop the computer during t seconds.

SQR (square root) : Make the square root operation

EX4.BAS

10 REM Command SQR 20 CLS 30 PRINT SQR(25)

Jump commands{#jumpCommands}

GOTO : Skip the execution of the program line indicated.

EX5.BAS

10 REM Command GOTO 20 CLS 30 PRINT “HELLO” 40 GOTO 60 50 PRINT "student" 60 END

Result screen:

HELLO

(Line 50 will not run)

Conditional commands{#conditional}

IF - THEN - ELSE

Forks execution according to the value of an expression. If the value of the expression is true, will run the following command THEN and if false run the following ELSE.

ELSE can be omitted, and simply continue the program in the following order.

EX6.BAS

10 REM Command IF – THEN – ELSE 20 CLS 30 PRINT "AGE?" 40 INPUT A 50 IF A>17 THEN PRINT "ADULT" ELSE PRINT "MINOR"

Result screen:

AGE? 11 MINOR

Repetition commands (loops) {#repeat}

FOR - NEXT : Repeat part of a program a certain number of times.

EX7.BAS

10 REM Command FOR – NEXT 20 CLS 30 FOR I=1 TO 4 40 PRINT "GOOD MORNING" 50 NEXT I

Result screen:

GOOD MORNING GOOD MORNING GOOD MORNING GOOD MORNING

Graphic commands {#graphicCommands}

Refer to the graphics grid at the end of the chapter for addressing positions on the screen.

PSET : Draw a dot on the screen.

PSET (X, Y), color : Draw a point on the screen coordinates (x, y) and the desired color.

EX8.BAS

10 REM Command PSET 30 PSET 320,240,1 40 PSET 320,250,1 50 PSET 320,260,1 60 END

Result screen:

(Look closely at the three black spots on the screen)

LINE : Draw a line on the screen.

LINE X1, Y1, X2, Y2, color : Draw a line on the screen from the initial point (x1, y1) to the end point (x2, y2) and the desired color.

EX9.BAS

10 REM Command LINE 30 LINE 40,40,480,440,14 40 PAUSE 1 50 LINE 40,440,480,40,12 60 END

RECT : Draw a rectangle on the screen.

RECT X1, Y1, X2, Y2, color : Draw a rectangle on the screen, given by the value of the points of a diagonal from the starting point (x1, y1) to the end point (x2, y2) and the desired color.

EX10.BAS

10 REM Command RECT 30 RECT 40,40,480,440,1 40 PAUSE 1 50 RECT 10,10,100,100,12 60 END

CIRCLE : Draw a circle on the screen.

CIRCLE X, Y, radius, proportion, color : Draw a circle on the coordinates (x, y), the radius and the desired color. The ratio of a circle equals 1.

EX11.BAS

10 REM Command CIRCLE 20 CLS 30 CIRCLE 320,200,30,1,14 40 PAUSE 1 50 CIRCLE 320,100,40,1,1 60 PAUSE 1 70 CIRCLE 200,100,50,0.5,12 80 END

Give color to a closed area of the screen.

PAINT X, Y, color color border area : Give color to a closed area of the screen coordinates (x, y), and the desired color.

[Important: It i]{.underline}s mandatory to indicate the color of the border area, if not the same, will color the whole screen.

EX12.BAS

10 REM Command PAINT 20 CLS 30 CIRCLE 100,100,30,1,1 40 PAUSE 1 50 PAINT 100,100,1 60 CIRCLE 200,100,40,1,12 70 PAUSE 1 80 PAINT 200, 100,12 90 END

Note: Commands RECT and CIRCLE, FILLED option can lead to an end. This option automatically painted inside the rectangle or circle.

EX13.BAS

10 REM option FILLED 20 CLS 30 CIRCLE 100,100,30,1,14 FILLED 40 PAUSE 1 50 RECT 100,100,640,480,1 FILLED 60 END

{#colorCode}

Programming Exercises{#exercises}

Enter these programs on your computer and store it in your USB memory folder. Run each, please tell us the result and performance. Where necessary enter the program.

P1.BAS (Operations)

10 CLS 20 PRINT 3+5 30 PRINT 100-60 40 PRINT 5 * 6 50 PRINT 120/40 60 PRINT (4+5) * 4

P2.BAS Write a program that performs the following operations:

(230 + 345) / 23

P3.BAS (Text and numbers)

10 CLS 20 PRINT "I'm a PC" 30 PRINT "How are you?" 40 PRINT "3+5"

Why doesn't the last printed line result in 8?

P4.BAS (Locate)

10 CLS 20 LOCATE 12,40:PRINT "A" 30 LOCATE 12,42:PRINT "B" 40 LOCATE 12,44:PRINT "C"

P5.BAS Write a program to make the next screen row and column indication. (Locate)

MENU 1 PLAY 2 OPTIONS 3 EXIT

P6.BAS (Variables, variables are like boxes where you can store values, and then use them)

10 CLS 20 A=6 30 PRINT A 40 B=7 50 PRINT B

P7.BAS (Sum)

10 CLS 20 A=3:PRINT A 30 B=6:PRINT B 40 C=A+B 50 PRINT "Suma=" 60 PRINT C

P8.BAS Make a program similar to the above to do the sum, product and quotient of two numbers given in variables.

P9.BAS (INPUT A and B by entering sum keyboard)

10 CLS 20 PRINT "A=" 30 INPUT A 40 PRINT "B=" 50 INPUT B 60 C=A+B 70 PRINT"SUMA=" 80 PRINT C

P10.BAS Make a program similar to the above to do the sum, product and quotient of two numbers as input variables INPUT.

P11.BAS Make a program to calculate the area of a triangle.

A=(B·H)/2

P12.BAS Make a program that carries out the conversion of euros in pesetas.

1 € = 166.386 pts

P13.BAS Make a program that carries out the conversion of pesetas into euros.

P14.BAS Write a program to calculate the average of three numbers.

INPUT A INPUT B INPUT C M=(A+B+C)/3

P15.BAS (FOR-NEXT loop)

10 CLS 20 FOR I = 1 TO 20 30 PRINT "*"; 40 NEXT I

What happens if you remove the ';' character from the print command?

P16.BAS (FOR-NEXT loop, and locate PRINT)

10 CLS 20 FOR I = 1 TO 15 30 LOCATE I, 15: PRINT "*" 40 LOCATE I, 20: PRINT "$" 60 LOCATE I, 25: PRINT "@" 70 LOCATE 20, I: PRINT "%" 80 NEXT I

P17.BAS (Game with GOTO, IF - THEN)

10 CLS 20 X = 6 30 PRINT "************ Guess the number ************" 40 PRINT "************ (0 a 10) ************" 50 INPUT A 60 IF A = X THEN GOTO 100 70 IF A > X THEN PRINT " ----MENOR----" 80 IF A < X THEN PRINT " ----MAJOR----" 90 GOTO 50 100 PRINT " $$$$$ You've almost got $$$$$" 110 PLAY "O2T255CDCDO6DCDC"

Write next to each line of the program that performs the function

P18.BAS Make a program that asks you the password (a number) to continue and if the correct, play music and display the text "correct password"

P19.BAS Program menu: Calculator euros

10 REM CALCULADORA D'EUROS 20 CLS 30 PRINT "CALCULADORA D'EUROS" 40 PRINT "1. EUROS A PTS" 50 PRINT "2. PTS A EUROS" 60 PRINT "TRIA L'OPCIÓ" 70 INPUT A 80 IF A = 1 THEN GOTO 100 90 IF A = 2 THEN GOTO 200 100 REM EUROS A PTS 110 CLS 120 PRINT "EUROS A PTS" 130 PRINT "EUROS" 140 INPUT EUROS 150 PTS = EUROS * 166.386 160 PRINT "PTS=" 170 PRINT PTS 180 END 200 REM PTS A EUROS 210 CLS 220 PRINT "PTS A EUROS" 230 PRINT "PTS" 240 INPUT PTS 250 EUROS = PTS / 166.386 260 PRINT "EUROS=" 270 PRINT EUROS 280 END

P20.BAS ( Command LINE)

10 SCREEN 12 20 LINE 5,5,105,105,14 30 END

P21.BAS (Command RECT)

10 CLS 20 RECT 5,5,105,105,14 30 END

P22.BAS (Command RECT, drawing a colored rectangle)

10 CLS 20 RECT 5,5,105,105,14 FILLED 30 END

Explain the difference between the three previous programs

P23.BAS Make a program that does the following figure, each circle a different color (Use the grid on page 10 and make an outline prior to placing coordinates):

P24.BAS Make a program that draws a triangle colored red and painted yellow inside.

close