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0880.Decoded-String-at-Index

题目

An encoded string S is given. To find and write the decoded string to a tape, the encoded string is read one character at a time and the following steps are taken:

If the character read is a letter, that letter is written onto the tape. If the character read is a digit (say d), the entire current tape is repeatedly written d-1 more times in total. Now for some encoded string S, and an index K, find and return the K-th letter (1 indexed) in the decoded string.

Example 1:

Input: S="leet2code3", K=10Output: "o"Explanation: Thedecodedstringis"leetleetcodeleetleetcodeleetleetcode". The10thletterinthestringis"o".

Example 2:

Input: S="ha22", K=5Output: "h"Explanation: Thedecodedstringis"hahahaha". The5thletteris"h".

Example 3:

Input: S="a2345678999999999999999", K=1Output: "a"Explanation: Thedecodedstringis"a"repeated8301530446056247680times. The1stletteris"a".

Note:

  1. 2 <= S.length <= 100
  2. S will only contain lowercase letters and digits 2 through 9.
  3. S starts with a letter.
  4. 1 <= K <= 10^9
  5. The decoded string is guaranteed to have less than 2^63 letters.

题目大意

给定一个编码字符串 S。为了找出解码字符串并将其写入磁带,从编码字符串中每次读取一个字符,并采取以下步骤:

  • 如果所读的字符是字母,则将该字母写在磁带上。
  • 如果所读的字符是数字(例如 d),则整个当前磁带总共会被重复写 d-1 次。

现在,对于给定的编码字符串 S 和索引 K,查找并返回解码字符串中的第 K 个字母。

解题思路

按照题意,扫描字符串扫到数字的时候,开始重复字符串,这里可以用递归。注意在重复字符串的时候到第 K 个字符的时候就可以返回了,不要等所有字符都扩展完成,这样会超时。d 有可能超大。

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