Design your implementation of the circular queue. The circular queue is a linear data structure in which the operations are performed based on FIFO (First In First Out) principle and the last position is connected back to the first position to make a circle. It is also called "Ring Buffer".

One of the benefits of the circular queue is that we can make use of the spaces in front of the queue. In a normal queue, once the queue becomes full, we cannot insert the next element even if there is a space in front of the queue. But using the circular queue, we can use the space to store new values.

Implementation the MyCircularQueue class:

• MyCircularQueue(k) Initializes the object with the size of the queue to be k.
• int Front() Gets the front item from the queue. If the queue is empty, return 1.
• int Rear() Gets the last item from the queue. If the queue is empty, return 1.
• boolean enQueue(int value) Inserts an element into the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful.
• boolean deQueue() Deletes an element from the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful.
• boolean isEmpty() Checks whether the circular queue is empty or not.
• boolean isFull() Checks whether the circular queue is full or not.

Example 1:

Input ["MyCircularQueue", "enQueue", "enQueue", "enQueue", "enQueue", "Rear", "isFull", "deQueue", "enQueue", "Rear"] [[3], [1], [2], [3], [4], [], [], [], [4], []] Output [null, true, true, true, false, 3, true, true, true, 4] Explanation MyCircularQueue myCircularQueue = new MyCircularQueue(3); myCircularQueue.enQueue(1); // return True myCircularQueue.enQueue(2); // return True myCircularQueue.enQueue(3); // return True myCircularQueue.enQueue(4); // return False myCircularQueue.Rear(); // return 3 myCircularQueue.isFull(); // return True myCircularQueue.deQueue(); // return True myCircularQueue.enQueue(4); // return True myCircularQueue.Rear(); // return 4 

Constraints:

• 1 <= k <= 1000
• 0 <= value <= 1000
• At most 3000 calls will be made to enQueue, deQueue, Front, Rear, isEmpty, and isFull.

Follow up:

Could you solve the problem without using the built-in queue?

设计你的循环队列实现。 循环队列是一种线性数据结构，其操作表现基于 FIFO（先进先出）原则并且队尾被连接在队首之后以形成一个循环。它也被称为“环形缓冲器”。

循环队列的一个好处是我们可以利用这个队列之前用过的空间。在一个普通队列里，一旦一个队列满了，我们就不能插入下一个元素，即使在队列前面仍有空间。但是使用循环队列，我们能使用这些空间去存储新的值。

你的实现应该支持如下操作：

• MyCircularQueue(k): 构造器，设置队列长度为 k 。
• Front: 从队首获取元素。如果队列为空，返回 -1 。
• Rear: 获取队尾元素。如果队列为空，返回 -1 。
• enQueue(value): 向循环队列插入一个元素。如果成功插入则返回真。
• deQueue(): 从循环队列中删除一个元素。如果成功删除则返回真。
• isEmpty(): 检查循环队列是否为空。
• isFull(): 检查循环队列是否已满。

• 简单题。设计一个环形队列，底层用数组实现。额外维护 4 个变量，队列的总 cap，队列当前的 size，前一元素下标 left，后一个元素下标 right。每添加一个元素便维护 left，right，size，下标需要对 cap 取余，因为超过 cap 大小之后，需要循环存储。代码实现没有难度，具体sh见下面代码。

package leetcode typeMyCircularQueuestruct { capintsizeintqueue []intleftintrightint } funcConstructor(kint) MyCircularQueue { returnMyCircularQueue{cap: k, size: 0, left: 0, right: 0, queue: make([]int, k)} } func (this*MyCircularQueue) EnQueue(valueint) bool { ifthis.size==this.cap { returnfalse } this.size++this.queue[this.right] =valuethis.right++this.right%=this.capreturntrue } func (this*MyCircularQueue) DeQueue() bool { ifthis.size==0 { returnfalse } this.size--this.left++this.left%=this.capreturntrue } func (this*MyCircularQueue) Front() int { ifthis.size==0 { return-1 } returnthis.queue[this.left] } func (this*MyCircularQueue) Rear() int { ifthis.size==0 { return-1 } ifthis.right==0 { returnthis.queue[this.cap-1] } returnthis.queue[this.right-1] } func (this*MyCircularQueue) IsEmpty() bool { returnthis.size==0 } func (this*MyCircularQueue) IsFull() bool { returnthis.size==this.cap } /** * Your MyCircularQueue object will be instantiated and called as such: * obj := Constructor(k); * param_1 := obj.EnQueue(value); * param_2 := obj.DeQueue(); * param_3 := obj.Front(); * param_4 := obj.Rear(); * param_5 := obj.IsEmpty(); * param_6 := obj.IsFull(); */