Exception.xml

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 <summary>Represents errors that occur during application execution.</summary>
 <remarks>For more information about this API, see <seehref="/dotnet/fundamentals/runtime-libraries/system-exception">Supplemental API remarks for Exception</see>.</remarks>
 <relatedtype="Article"href="/dotnet/standard/exceptions/">Handling and Throwing Exceptions</related>
 <relatedtype="Article"href="/dotnet/framework/resources/packaging-and-deploying-resources-in-desktop-apps">Packaging and Deploying Resources in Desktop Apps</related>
 <relatedtype="Article"href="/visualstudio/debugger/assertions-in-managed-code">Assertions in Managed Code</related>
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 <summary>Initializes a new instance of the <seecref="T:System.Exception" /> class.</summary>
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 <summary>Initializes a new instance of the <seecref="T:System.Exception" /> class.</summary>
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 <formattype="text/markdown"><![CDATA[

## Remarks
 This constructor initializes the <xref:System.Exception.Message%2A> property of the new instance to a system-supplied message that describes the error and takes into account the current system culture.

 All the derived classes should provide this parameterless constructor. The following table shows the initial property values for an instance of <xref:System.Exception>.

|Property|Value|
|--------------|-----------|
|<xref:System.Exception.InnerException%2A>|A null reference (`Nothing` in Visual Basic).|
|<xref:System.Exception.Message%2A>|A system-supplied localized description.|



## Examples
 The following code example derives an `Exception` that uses a predefined message. The code demonstrates the use of the parameterless constructor for the derived class and the base `Exception` class.

 :::code language="cpp" source="~/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Exception.Ctor/CPP/new.cpp" id="Snippet1":::
 :::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/Exception/.ctor/new.cs" interactive="try-dotnet" id="Snippet1":::
 :::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/Exception/.ctor/new.fs" id="Snippet1":::
 :::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Exception.Ctor/VB/new.vb" id="Snippet1":::

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 <paramname="message">The message that describes the error.</param>
 <summary>Initializes a new instance of the <seecref="T:System.Exception" /> class with a specified error message.</summary>
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## Remarks
 This constructor initializes the <xref:System.Exception.Message%2A> property of the new instance by using the `message` parameter. If the `message` parameter is `null`, this is the same as calling the <xref:System.Exception.%23ctor%2A> constructor.

 The following table shows the initial property values for an instance of <xref:System.Exception>.

|Property|Value|
|--------------|-----------|
|<xref:System.Exception.InnerException%2A>|A null reference (`Nothing` in Visual Basic).|
|<xref:System.Exception.Message%2A>|The error message string.|



## Examples
 The following code example derives an `Exception` for a specific condition. The code demonstrates the use of the constructor that takes a caller-specified message as a parameter, for both the derived class and the base `Exception` class.

 :::code language="cpp" source="~/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Exception.Ctor/CPP/news.cpp" id="Snippet2":::
 :::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/Exception/.ctor/news.cs" interactive="try-dotnet" id="Snippet2":::
 :::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/Exception/.ctor/news.fs" id="Snippet2":::
 :::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Exception.Ctor/VB/news.vb" id="Snippet2":::

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 <Parameters>
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 <paramname="info">The <seecref="T:System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo" /> that holds the serialized object data about the exception being thrown.</param>
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 <summary>Initializes a new instance of the <seecref="T:System.Exception" /> class with serialized data.</summary>
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 <formattype="text/markdown"><![CDATA[

## Remarks
 This constructor is called during deserialization to reconstitute the exception object transmitted over a stream. For more information, see [XML and SOAP Serialization](/dotnet/standard/serialization/xml-and-soap-serialization).



## Examples
 The following code example defines a derived serializable `Exception` class. The code forces a divide-by-0 error and then creates an instance of the derived exception using the (<xref:System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo>, <xref:System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext>) constructor. The code serializes the instance to a file, deserializes the file into a new exception, which it throws, and then catches and displays the exception's data.

 :::code language="cpp" source="~/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Exception.GetObjectData/CPP/getobjdata.cpp" id="Snippet1":::
 :::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/Exception/.ctor/getobjdata.cs" id="Snippet1":::
 :::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/Exception/.ctor/getobjdata.fs" id="Snippet1":::
 :::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Exception.GetObjectData/VB/getobjdata.vb" id="Snippet1":::

]]></format>
 </remarks>
 <exceptioncref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
 <paramrefname="info" /> is <seelangword="null" />.</exception>
 <exceptioncref="T:System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationException">The class name is <seelangword="null" /> or <seecref="P:System.Exception.HResult" /> is zero (0).</exception>
 <altmembercref="T:System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo" />
 <altmembercref="T:System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext" />
 <relatedtype="Article"href="/dotnet/standard/serialization/xml-and-soap-serialization">XML and SOAP Serialization</related>
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 </Member>
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 <paramname="message">The error message that explains the reason for the exception.</param>
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 <formattype="text/markdown"><![CDATA[

## Remarks
 An exception that is thrown as a direct result of a previous exception should include a reference to the previous exception in the <xref:System.Exception.InnerException%2A> property. The <xref:System.Exception.InnerException%2A> property returns the same value that is passed into the constructor, or a null reference (`Nothing` in Visual Basic) if the <xref:System.Exception.InnerException%2A> property does not supply the inner exception value to the constructor.

 The following table shows the initial property values for an instance of <xref:System.Exception>.

|Property|Value|
|--------------|-----------|
|<xref:System.Exception.InnerException%2A>|The inner exception reference.|
|<xref:System.Exception.Message%2A>|The error message string.|



## Examples
 The following code example derives an `Exception` for a specific condition. The code demonstrates the use of the constructor that takes a message and an inner exception as parameters, for both the derived class and the base `Exception` class.

 :::code language="cpp" source="~/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Exception.Ctor/CPP/newsi.cpp" id="Snippet3":::
 :::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/Exception/.ctor/newsi.cs" interactive="try-dotnet" id="Snippet3":::
 :::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/Exception/.ctor/newsi.fs" id="Snippet3":::
 :::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Exception.Ctor/VB/newsi.vb" id="Snippet3":::

]]></format>
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 <MemberSignatureLanguage="VB.NET"Value="Public Overridable ReadOnly Property Data As IDictionary" />
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 <remarks>For more information about this API, see <seehref="/dotnet/fundamentals/runtime-libraries/system-exception-data">Supplemental API remarks for Exception.Data</see>.</remarks>
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 <formattype="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
The following example demonstrates how to add and retrieve information using the <xref:System.Exception.Data> property.

:::code language="cpp" source="~/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/exception.data/CPP/data.cpp" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/Exception/Data/data.cs" interactive="try-dotnet" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/Exception/Data/data.fs" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/exception.data/VB/data.vb" id="Snippet1":::
]]></format>
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 <altmembercref="T:System.Collections.DictionaryEntry" />
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 <MemberSignatureLanguage="VB.NET"Value="Public Overridable Function GetBaseException () As Exception" />
 <MemberSignatureLanguage="F#"Value="abstract member GetBaseException : unit -&gt; Exception&#xA;override this.GetBaseException : unit -&gt; Exception"Usage="exception.GetBaseException " />
 <MemberSignatureLanguage="C++ CLI"Value="public:&#xA; virtual Exception ^ GetBaseException();" />
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 <ReturnType>System.Exception</ReturnType>
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 <summary>When overridden in a derived class, returns the <seecref="T:System.Exception" /> that is the root cause of one or more subsequent exceptions.</summary>
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 <remarks>
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## Remarks
 A chain of exceptions consists of a set of exceptions such that each exception in the chain was thrown as a direct result of the exception referenced in its `InnerException` property. For a given chain, there can be exactly one exception that is the root cause of all other exceptions in the chain. This exception is called the base exception and its `InnerException` property always contains a null reference.

 For all exceptions in a chain of exceptions, the `GetBaseException` method must return the same object (the base exception).

 Use the `GetBaseException` method when you want to find the root cause of an exception but do not need information about exceptions that may have occurred between the current exception and the first exception.



## Examples
 The following code example defines two derived `Exception` classes. It forces an exception and then throws it again with each of the derived classes. The code shows the use of the `GetBaseException` method to retrieve the original exception.

 :::code language="cpp" source="~/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Exception.GetBaseException/CPP/getbaseexc.cpp" id="Snippet1":::
 :::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/Exception/GetBaseException/getbaseexc.cs" interactive="try-dotnet" id="Snippet1":::
 :::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/Exception/GetBaseException/getbaseexc.fs" id="Snippet1":::
 :::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Exception.GetBaseException/VB/getbaseexc.vb" id="Snippet1":::

]]></format>
 </remarks>
 <blocksubset="none"type="overrides">
 <para>The <seelangword="GetBaseException" /> method is overridden in classes that require control over the exception content or format.</para>
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 <MemberSignatureLanguage="DocId"Value="M:System.Exception.GetObjectData(System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo,System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext)" />
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 <AttributeNameLanguage="F#">[&lt;System.Security.SecurityCritical&gt;]</AttributeName>
 </Attribute>
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 <ReturnValue>
 <ReturnType>System.Void</ReturnType>
 </ReturnValue>
 <Parameters>
 <ParameterName="info"Type="System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo"Index="0"FrameworkAlternate="netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2;netcore-3.0;netframework-1.1;netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netstandard-2.0;netstandard-2.1;netcore-3.1;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;netframework-4.8.1;net-8.0;net-9.0;netframework-4.7.1-pp;netframework-4.7.2-pp;netframework-4.7-pp;netframework-4.8-pp;netframework-4.8.1-pp;net-10.0;netframework-4.6.2-pp" />
 <ParameterName="context"Type="System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext"Index="1"FrameworkAlternate="netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2;netcore-3.0;netframework-1.1;netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netstandard-2.0;netstandard-2.1;netcore-3.1;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;netframework-4.8.1;net-8.0;net-9.0;netframework-4.7.1-pp;netframework-4.7.2-pp;netframework-4.7-pp;netframework-4.8-pp;netframework-4.8.1-pp;net-10.0;netframework-4.6.2-pp" />
 </Parameters>
 <Docs>
 <paramname="info">The <seecref="T:System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo" /> that holds the serialized object data about the exception being thrown.</param>
 <paramname="context">The <seecref="T:System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext" /> that contains contextual information about the source or destination.</param>
 <summary>When overridden in a derived class, sets the <seecref="T:System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo" /> with information about the exception.</summary>
 <remarks>
 <formattype="text/markdown"><![CDATA[

## Remarks
 `GetObjectData` sets a <xref:System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo> with all the exception object data targeted for serialization. During deserialization, the exception is reconstituted from the `SerializationInfo` transmitted over the stream.



## Examples
 The following code example defines a derived serializable `Exception` class that implements `GetObjectData`, which makes minor changes to two properties and then calls the base class to perform the serialization. The example forces a divide-by-0 error and then creates an instance of the derived exception. The code serializes the instance to a file, deserializes the file into a new exception, which it throws, and then catches and displays the exception's data.

 :::code language="cpp" source="~/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Exception.GetObjectData/CPP/getobjdata.cpp" id="Snippet1":::
 :::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/Exception/.ctor/getobjdata.cs" id="Snippet1":::
 :::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/Exception/.ctor/getobjdata.fs" id="Snippet1":::
 :::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Exception.GetObjectData/VB/getobjdata.vb" id="Snippet1":::

]]></format>
 </remarks>
 <exceptioncref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">The <paramrefname="info" /> parameter is a null reference (<seelangword="Nothing" /> in Visual Basic).</exception>
 <altmembercref="T:System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo" />
 <altmembercref="T:System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext" />
 </Docs>
 </Member>
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## Remarks
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## Remarks
 The return value, which represents a help file, is a URN or URL. For example, the `HelpLink` value could be:

 "file:///C:/Applications/Bazzal/help.html#ErrorNum42"



## Examples
 The following code example throws an `Exception` that sets the `HelpLink` property in its constructor and then catches the exception and displays `HelpLink`.

 :::code language="cpp" source="~/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Exception.Properties/CPP/properties.cpp" id="Snippet1":::
 :::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/Exception/HelpLink/properties.cs" interactive="try-dotnet" id="Snippet1":::
 :::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/Exception/HelpLink/properties.fs" id="Snippet1":::
 :::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Exception.Properties/VB/properties.vb" id="Snippet1":::

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## Remarks
 HRESULT is a 32-bit value, divided into three different fields: a severity code, a facility code, and an error code. The severity code indicates whether the return value represents information, warning, or error. The facility code identifies the area of the system responsible for the error. The error code is a unique number that is assigned to represent the exception. Each exception is mapped to a distinct HRESULT. When managed code throws an exception, the runtime passes the HRESULT to the COM client. When unmanaged code returns an error, the HRESULT is converted to an exception, which is then thrown by the runtime. For information about HRESULT values and their corresponding .NET Framework exceptions, see [How to: Map HRESULTs and Exceptions](/dotnet/framework/interop/how-to-map-hresults-and-exceptions). See [Common HRESULT Values](/windows/win32/seccrypto/common-hresult-values) in the Windows documentation for a list of the values you are most likely to encounter.

 Starting with the .NET Framework 4.5, the <xref:System.Exception.HResult%2A> property's setter is protected, whereas its getter is public. In previous versions of the .NET Framework, both getter and setter are protected.



## Examples
 The following code example defines a derived `Exception` class that sets the `HResult` property to a custom value in its constructor.

 :::code language="cpp" source="~/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Exception.HResult/CPP/hresult.cpp" id="Snippet1":::
 :::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/Exception/HResult/hresult.cs" interactive="try-dotnet" id="Snippet1":::
 :::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/Exception/HResult/hresult.fs" id="Snippet1":::
 :::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Exception.HResult/VB/hresult.vb" id="Snippet1":::

]]></format>
 </remarks>
 <relatedtype="Article"href="/dotnet/framework/interop/how-to-map-hresults-and-exceptions">How to: Map HRESULTs and Exceptions</related>
 <relatedtype="Article"href="/windows/win32/seccrypto/common-hresult-values">Common HRESULT Values</related>
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## Remarks
 When an exception `X` is thrown as a direct result of a previous exception `Y`, the <xref:System.Exception.InnerException%2A> property of `X` should contain a reference to `Y`.

 Use the <xref:System.Exception.InnerException%2A> property to obtain the set of exceptions that led to the current exception.

 You can create a new exception that catches an earlier exception. The code that handles the second exception can make use of the additional information from the earlier exception to handle the error more appropriately.

 Suppose that there is a function that reads a file and formats the data from that file. In this example, as the code tries to read the file, an <xref:System.IO.IOException> is thrown. The function catches the <xref:System.IO.IOException> and throws a <xref:System.IO.FileNotFoundException>. The <xref:System.IO.IOException> could be saved in the <xref:System.Exception.InnerException%2A> property of the <xref:System.IO.FileNotFoundException>, enabling the code that catches the <xref:System.IO.FileNotFoundException> to examine the cause of the initial error.

 The <xref:System.Exception.InnerException%2A> property, which holds a reference to the inner exception, is set upon initialization of the exception object.



## Examples
 The following example demonstrates throwing and catching an exception that references an inner exception.

 :::code language="cpp" source="~/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/InnerEx/CPP/innerex.cpp" id="Snippet1":::
 :::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/Exception/InnerException/innerex.cs" interactive="try-dotnet" id="Snippet1":::
 :::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/Exception/InnerException/innerex.fs" id="Snippet1":::
 :::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/InnerEx/VB/innerex.vb" id="Snippet1":::

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Error messages target the developer who is handling the exception. The text of the <xref:System.Exception.Message> property should completely describe the error and, when possible, should also explain how to correct the error. Top-level exception handlers may display the message to end-users, so you should ensure that it is grammatically correct and that each sentence of the message ends with a period. Do not use question marks or exclamation points. If your application uses localized exception messages, you should ensure that they are accurately translated.

> [!IMPORTANT]
> Do not disclose sensitive information in exception messages without checking for the appropriate permissions.

The value of the <xref:System.Exception.Message> property is included in the information returned by <xref:System.Exception.ToString%2A>. The <xref:System.Exception.Message> property is set only when creating an <xref:System.Exception>. If no message was supplied to the constructor for the current instance, the system supplies a default message that is formatted using the current system culture.

## Examples

The following code example throws and then catches an <xref:System.Exception> exception and displays the exception's text message using the <xref:System.Exception.Message> property.

:::code language="cpp" source="~/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Exception.Properties/CPP/properties.cpp" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/Exception/HelpLink/properties.cs" interactive="try-dotnet" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/Exception/HelpLink/properties.fs" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Exception.Properties/VB/properties.vb" id="Snippet1":::
]]></format>
 </remarks>
 <blocksubset="none"type="overrides">
 <para>If you throw an exception from a property, and you need to refer in the text of <seecref="P:System.Exception.Message" /> to the property argument that you set or get, use "value" as the name of the property argument.</para>
 </block>
 <blocksubset="none"type="overrides">
 <para>The <seecref="P:System.Exception.Message" /> property is overridden in classes that require control over message content or format. Application code typically accesses this property when it needs to display information about an exception that has been caught.

 The error message should be localized.</para>
 </block>
 </Docs>
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