earlyprop.cpp

// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
//
// Early Value Propagation
//
// This phase performs an SSA-based value propagation optimization that currently only applies to array
// lengths, runtime type handles, and explicit null checks. An SSA-based backwards tracking of local variables
// is performed at each point of interest, e.g., an array length reference site, a method table reference site, or
// an indirection.
// The tracking continues until an interesting value is encountered. The value is then used to rewrite
// the source site or the value.
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#include"jitpch.h"
#include"ssabuilder.h"

boolCompiler::optDoEarlyPropForFunc()
{
bool propArrayLen = (optMethodFlags & OMF_HAS_NEWARRAY) && (optMethodFlags & OMF_HAS_ARRAYREF);
bool propGetType = (optMethodFlags & OMF_HAS_NEWOBJ) && (optMethodFlags & OMF_HAS_VTABLEREF);
bool propNullCheck = (optMethodFlags & OMF_HAS_NULLCHECK) != 0;
return propArrayLen || propGetType || propNullCheck;
}

boolCompiler::optDoEarlyPropForBlock(BasicBlock* block)
{
bool bbHasArrayRef = (block->bbFlags & BBF_HAS_IDX_LEN) != 0;
bool bbHasVtableRef = (block->bbFlags & BBF_HAS_VTABREF) != 0;
bool bbHasNullCheck = (block->bbFlags & BBF_HAS_NULLCHECK) != 0;
return bbHasArrayRef || bbHasVtableRef || bbHasNullCheck;
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------
// gtIsVtableRef: Return true if the tree is a method table reference.
//
// Arguments:
// tree - The input tree.
//
// Return Value:
// Return true if the tree is a method table reference.

boolCompiler::gtIsVtableRef(GenTree* tree)
{
if (tree->OperGet() == GT_IND)
 {
 GenTree* addr = tree->AsIndir()->Addr();

if (addr->OperIsAddrMode())
 {
 GenTreeAddrMode* addrMode = addr->AsAddrMode();

return (!addrMode->HasIndex() && (addrMode->Base()->TypeGet() == TYP_REF));
 }
 }

returnfalse;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// getArrayLengthFromAllocation: Return the array length for an array allocation
// helper call.
//
// Arguments:
// tree - The array allocation helper call.
//
// Return Value:
// Return the array length node.

GenTree* Compiler::getArrayLengthFromAllocation(GenTree* tree)
{
assert(tree != nullptr);

if (tree->OperGet() == GT_CALL)
 {
 GenTreeCall* call = tree->AsCall();

if (call->gtCallType == CT_HELPER)
 {
if (call->gtCallMethHnd == eeFindHelper(CORINFO_HELP_NEWARR_1_DIRECT) ||
 call->gtCallMethHnd == eeFindHelper(CORINFO_HELP_NEWARR_1_R2R_DIRECT) ||
 call->gtCallMethHnd == eeFindHelper(CORINFO_HELP_NEWARR_1_OBJ) ||
 call->gtCallMethHnd == eeFindHelper(CORINFO_HELP_NEWARR_1_VC) ||
 call->gtCallMethHnd == eeFindHelper(CORINFO_HELP_NEWARR_1_ALIGN8))
 {
// This is an array allocation site. Grab the array length node.
returngtArgEntryByArgNum(call, 1)->GetNode();
 }
 }
 }

returnnullptr;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// getObjectHandleNodeFromAllocation: Return the type handle for an object allocation
// helper call.
//
// Arguments:
// tree - The object allocation helper call.
//
// Return Value:
// Return the object type handle node.

GenTree* Compiler::getObjectHandleNodeFromAllocation(GenTree* tree)
{
assert(tree != nullptr);

if (tree->OperGet() == GT_CALL)
 {
 GenTreeCall* call = tree->AsCall();

if (call->gtCallType == CT_HELPER)
 {
if (call->gtCallMethHnd == eeFindHelper(CORINFO_HELP_NEWFAST) ||
 call->gtCallMethHnd == eeFindHelper(CORINFO_HELP_NEWSFAST) ||
 call->gtCallMethHnd == eeFindHelper(CORINFO_HELP_NEWSFAST_FINALIZE) ||
 call->gtCallMethHnd == eeFindHelper(CORINFO_HELP_NEWSFAST_ALIGN8) ||
 call->gtCallMethHnd == eeFindHelper(CORINFO_HELP_NEWSFAST_ALIGN8_VC) ||
 call->gtCallMethHnd == eeFindHelper(CORINFO_HELP_NEWSFAST_ALIGN8_FINALIZE) ||
 call->gtCallMethHnd == eeFindHelper(CORINFO_HELP_NEWARR_1_DIRECT) ||
 call->gtCallMethHnd == eeFindHelper(CORINFO_HELP_NEWARR_1_R2R_DIRECT) ||
 call->gtCallMethHnd == eeFindHelper(CORINFO_HELP_NEWARR_1_OBJ) ||
 call->gtCallMethHnd == eeFindHelper(CORINFO_HELP_NEWARR_1_VC) ||
 call->gtCallMethHnd == eeFindHelper(CORINFO_HELP_NEWARR_1_ALIGN8))
 {
// This is an object allocation site. Return the runtime type handle node.
 fgArgTabEntry* argTabEntry = gtArgEntryByArgNum(call, 0);
return argTabEntry->GetNode();
 }
 }
 }

returnnullptr;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// optEarlyProp: The entry point of the early value propagation.
//
// Notes:
// This phase performs an SSA-based value propagation, including
// 1. Array length propagation.
// 2. Runtime type handle propagation.
// 3. Null check folding.
//
// For array length propagation, a demand-driven SSA-based backwards tracking of constant
// array lengths is performed at each array length reference site which is in form of a
// GT_ARR_LENGTH node. When a GT_ARR_LENGTH node is seen, the array ref pointer which is
// the only child node of the GT_ARR_LENGTH is tracked. This is only done for array ref
// pointers that have valid SSA forms.The tracking is along SSA use-def chain and stops
// at the original array allocation site where we can grab the array length. The
// GT_ARR_LENGTH node will then be rewritten to a GT_CNS_INT node if the array length is
// constant.
//
// Similarly, the same algorithm also applies to rewriting a method table (also known as
// vtable) reference site which is in form of GT_INDIR node. The base pointer, which is
// an object reference pointer, is treated in the same way as an array reference pointer.
//
// Null check folding tries to find GT_INDIR(obj + const) that GT_NULLCHECK(obj) can be folded into
// and removed. Currently, the algorithm only matches GT_INDIR and GT_NULLCHECK in the same basic block.

voidCompiler::optEarlyProp()
{
#ifdef DEBUG
if (verbose)
 {
printf("*************** In optEarlyProp()\n");
 }
#endif

assert(fgSsaPassesCompleted == 1);

if (!optDoEarlyPropForFunc())
 {
return;
 }

for (BasicBlock* block = fgFirstBB; block != nullptr; block = block->bbNext)
 {
if (!optDoEarlyPropForBlock(block))
 {
continue;
 }

 compCurBB = block;

for (Statement* stmt = block->firstStmt(); stmt != nullptr;)
 {
// Preserve the next link before the propagation and morph.
 Statement* next = stmt->GetNextStmt();

 compCurStmt = stmt;

// Walk the stmt tree in linear order to rewrite any array length reference with a
// constant array length.
bool isRewritten = false;
for (GenTree* tree = stmt->GetTreeList(); tree != nullptr; tree = tree->gtNext)
 {
 GenTree* rewrittenTree = optEarlyPropRewriteTree(tree);
if (rewrittenTree != nullptr)
 {
gtUpdateSideEffects(stmt, rewrittenTree);
 isRewritten = true;
 tree = rewrittenTree;
 }
 }

// Update the evaluation order and the statement info if the stmt has been rewritten.
if (isRewritten)
 {
gtSetStmtInfo(stmt);
fgSetStmtSeq(stmt);
 }

 stmt = next;
 }
 }

#ifdef DEBUG
if (verbose)
 {
JITDUMP("\nAfter optEarlyProp:\n");
fgDispBasicBlocks(/*dumpTrees*/true);
 }
#endif
}

//----------------------------------------------------------------
// optEarlyPropRewriteValue: Rewrite a tree to the actual value.
//
// Arguments:
// tree - The input tree node to be rewritten.
//
// Return Value:
// Return a new tree if the original tree was successfully rewritten.
// The containing tree links are updated.
//
GenTree* Compiler::optEarlyPropRewriteTree(GenTree* tree)
{
 GenTree* objectRefPtr = nullptr;
 optPropKind propKind = optPropKind::OPK_INVALID;

if (tree->OperGet() == GT_ARR_LENGTH)
 {
 objectRefPtr = tree->AsOp()->gtOp1;
 propKind = optPropKind::OPK_ARRAYLEN;
 }
elseif (tree->OperIsIndir())
 {
// optFoldNullCheck takes care of updating statement info if a null check is removed.
optFoldNullCheck(tree);

if (gtIsVtableRef(tree))
 {
// Don't propagate type handles that are used as null checks, which are usually in
// form of
// * stmtExpr void (top level)
// \--* indir int
// \--* lclVar ref V02 loc0
if (compCurStmt->GetRootNode() == tree)
 {
returnnullptr;
 }

 objectRefPtr = tree->AsIndir()->Addr();
 propKind = optPropKind::OPK_OBJ_GETTYPE;
 }
else
 {
returnnullptr;
 }
 }
else
 {
returnnullptr;
 }

if (!objectRefPtr->OperIsScalarLocal() || !lvaInSsa(objectRefPtr->AsLclVarCommon()->GetLclNum()))

 {
returnnullptr;
 }

unsigned lclNum = objectRefPtr->AsLclVarCommon()->GetLclNum();
unsigned ssaNum = objectRefPtr->AsLclVarCommon()->GetSsaNum();
 GenTree* actualVal = optPropGetValue(lclNum, ssaNum, propKind);

if (actualVal != nullptr)
 {
assert((propKind == optPropKind::OPK_ARRAYLEN) || (propKind == optPropKind::OPK_OBJ_GETTYPE));
assert(actualVal->IsCnsIntOrI());
assert(actualVal->GetNodeSize() == TREE_NODE_SZ_SMALL);

ssize_t actualConstVal = actualVal->AsIntCon()->IconValue();

if (propKind == optPropKind::OPK_ARRAYLEN)
 {
if ((actualConstVal < 0) || (actualConstVal > INT32_MAX))
 {
// Don't propagate array lengths that are beyond the maximum value of a GT_ARR_LENGTH or negative.
// node. CORINFO_HELP_NEWARR_1_OBJ helper call allows to take a long integer as the
// array length argument, but the type of GT_ARR_LENGTH is always INT32.
returnnullptr;
 }

// When replacing GT_ARR_LENGTH nodes with constants we can end up with GT_ARR_BOUNDS_CHECK
// nodes that have constant operands and thus can be trivially proved to be useless. It's
// better to remove these range checks here, otherwise they'll pass through assertion prop
// (creating useless (c1 < c2)-like assertions) and reach RangeCheck where they are finally
// removed. Common patterns like new int[] { x, y, z } benefit from this.

if ((tree->gtNext != nullptr) && tree->gtNext->OperIs(GT_ARR_BOUNDS_CHECK))
 {
 GenTreeBoundsChk* check = tree->gtNext->AsBoundsChk();

if ((check->gtArrLen == tree) && check->gtIndex->IsCnsIntOrI())
 {
ssize_t checkConstVal = check->gtIndex->AsIntCon()->IconValue();
if ((checkConstVal >= 0) && (checkConstVal < actualConstVal))
 {
 GenTree* comma = check->gtGetParent(nullptr);
if ((comma != nullptr) && comma->OperIs(GT_COMMA) && (comma->gtGetOp1() == check))
 {
optRemoveRangeCheck(comma, compCurStmt);
// Both `tree` and `check` have been removed from the statement.
// 'tree' was replaced with 'nop' or side effect list under 'comma'.
return comma->gtGetOp1();
 }
 }
 }
 }
 }

#ifdef DEBUG
if (verbose)
 {
printf("optEarlyProp Rewriting " FMT_BB "\n", compCurBB->bbNum);
gtDispStmt(compCurStmt);
printf("\n");
 }
#endif

 GenTree* actualValClone = gtCloneExpr(actualVal);

if (actualValClone->gtType != tree->gtType)
 {
assert(actualValClone->gtType == TYP_LONG);
assert(tree->gtType == TYP_INT);
assert((actualConstVal >= 0) && (actualConstVal <= INT32_MAX));
 actualValClone->gtType = tree->gtType;
 }

// Propagating a constant into an array index expression requires calling
// LabelIndex to update the FieldSeq annotations. EarlyProp may replace
// array length expressions with constants, so check if this is an array
// length operator that is part of an array index expression.
bool isIndexExpr = (tree->OperGet() == GT_ARR_LENGTH && ((tree->gtFlags & GTF_ARRLEN_ARR_IDX) != 0));
if (isIndexExpr)
 {
 actualValClone->LabelIndex(this);
 }

// actualValClone has small tree node size, it is safe to use CopyFrom here.
 tree->ReplaceWith(actualValClone, this);

#ifdef DEBUG
if (verbose)
 {
printf("to\n");
gtDispStmt(compCurStmt);
printf("\n");
 }
#endif
return tree;
 }

returnnullptr;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// optPropGetValue: Given an SSA object ref pointer, get the value needed based on valueKind.
//
// Arguments:
// lclNum - The local var number of the ref pointer.
// ssaNum - The SSA var number of the ref pointer.
// valueKind - The kind of value of interest.
//
// Return Value:
// Return the corresponding value based on valueKind.

GenTree* Compiler::optPropGetValue(unsigned lclNum, unsigned ssaNum, optPropKind valueKind)
{
returnoptPropGetValueRec(lclNum, ssaNum, valueKind, 0);
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// optPropGetValueRec: Given an SSA object ref pointer, get the value needed based on valueKind
// within a recursion bound.
//
// Arguments:
// lclNum - The local var number of the array pointer.
// ssaNum - The SSA var number of the array pointer.
// valueKind - The kind of value of interest.
// walkDepth - Current recursive walking depth.
//
// Return Value:
// Return the corresponding value based on valueKind.

GenTree* Compiler::optPropGetValueRec(unsigned lclNum, unsigned ssaNum, optPropKind valueKind, int walkDepth)
{
if (ssaNum == SsaConfig::RESERVED_SSA_NUM)
 {
returnnullptr;
 }

 SSAName ssaName(lclNum, ssaNum);
 GenTree* value = nullptr;

// Bound the recursion with a hard limit.
if (walkDepth > optEarlyPropRecurBound)
 {
returnnullptr;
 }

// Track along the use-def chain to get the array length
 GenTree* treelhs = lvaTable[lclNum].GetPerSsaData(ssaNum)->m_defLoc.m_tree;

if (treelhs == nullptr)
 {
// Incoming parameters or live-in variables don't have actual definition tree node
// for their FIRST_SSA_NUM. See SsaBuilder::RenameVariables.
assert(ssaNum == SsaConfig::FIRST_SSA_NUM);
 }
else
 {
 GenTree** lhsPtr;
 GenTree* treeDefParent = treelhs->gtGetParent(&lhsPtr);

if (treeDefParent->OperGet() == GT_ASG)
 {
assert(treelhs == treeDefParent->gtGetOp1());
 GenTree* treeRhs = treeDefParent->gtGetOp2();

if (treeRhs->OperIsScalarLocal() && lvaInSsa(treeRhs->AsLclVarCommon()->GetLclNum()))
 {
// Recursively track the Rhs
unsigned rhsLclNum = treeRhs->AsLclVarCommon()->GetLclNum();
unsigned rhsSsaNum = treeRhs->AsLclVarCommon()->GetSsaNum();

 value = optPropGetValueRec(rhsLclNum, rhsSsaNum, valueKind, walkDepth + 1);
 }
else
 {
if (valueKind == optPropKind::OPK_ARRAYLEN)
 {
 value = getArrayLengthFromAllocation(treeRhs);
if (value != nullptr)
 {
if (!value->IsCnsIntOrI())
 {
// Leave out non-constant-sized array
 value = nullptr;
 }
 }
 }
elseif (valueKind == optPropKind::OPK_OBJ_GETTYPE)
 {
 value = getObjectHandleNodeFromAllocation(treeRhs);
if (value != nullptr)
 {
if (!value->IsCnsIntOrI())
 {
// Leave out non-constant-sized array
 value = nullptr;
 }
 }
 }
 }
 }
 }

return value;
}

//----------------------------------------------------------------
// optFoldNullChecks: Try to find a GT_NULLCHECK node that can be folded into the GT_INDIR node.
//
// Arguments:
// tree - The input GT_INDIR tree.
//

voidCompiler::optFoldNullCheck(GenTree* tree)
{
//
// Check for a pattern like this:
//
// =
// / \.
// x comma
// / \.
// nullcheck +
// | / \.
// y y const
//
//
// some trees in the same
// basic block with
// no unsafe side effects
//
// indir
// |
// x
//
// where the const is suitably small
// and transform it into
//
// =
// / \.
// x +
// / \.
// y const
//
//
// some trees with no unsafe side effects here
//
// indir
// |
// x

if ((compCurBB->bbFlags & BBF_HAS_NULLCHECK) == 0)
 {
return;
 }

assert(tree->OperIsIndir());

 GenTree* const addr = tree->AsIndir()->Addr();
if (addr->OperGet() == GT_LCL_VAR)
 {
// Check if we have the pattern above and find the nullcheck node if we do.

// Find the definition of the indirected local (x in the picture)
 GenTreeLclVarCommon* const lclVarNode = addr->AsLclVarCommon();

constunsigned lclNum = lclVarNode->GetLclNum();
constunsigned ssaNum = lclVarNode->GetSsaNum();

if (ssaNum != SsaConfig::RESERVED_SSA_NUM)
 {
 DefLoc defLoc = lvaTable[lclNum].GetPerSsaData(ssaNum)->m_defLoc;
 BasicBlock* defBlock = defLoc.m_blk;

if (compCurBB == defBlock)
 {
 GenTree* defTree = defLoc.m_tree;
 GenTree* defParent = defTree->gtGetParent(nullptr);

if ((defParent->OperGet() == GT_ASG) && (defParent->gtNext == nullptr))
 {
 GenTree* defRHS = defParent->gtGetOp2();
if (defRHS->OperGet() == GT_COMMA)
 {
if (defRHS->gtGetOp1()->OperGet() == GT_NULLCHECK)
 {
 GenTree* nullCheckTree = defRHS->gtGetOp1();
if (nullCheckTree->gtGetOp1()->OperGet() == GT_LCL_VAR)
 {
// We found a candidate for 'y' in the picture
unsigned nullCheckLclNum = nullCheckTree->gtGetOp1()->AsLclVarCommon()->GetLclNum();

if (defRHS->gtGetOp2()->OperGet() == GT_ADD)
 {
 GenTree* additionNode = defRHS->gtGetOp2();
if ((additionNode->gtGetOp1()->OperGet() == GT_LCL_VAR) &&
 (additionNode->gtGetOp1()->gtLclVarCommon.GetLclNum() == nullCheckLclNum))
 {
 GenTree* offset = additionNode->gtGetOp2();
if (offset->IsCnsIntOrI())
 {
if (!fgIsBigOffset(offset->AsIntConCommon()->IconValue()))
 {
// Walk from the use to the def in reverse execution order to see
// if any nodes have unsafe side effects.
 GenTree* currentTree = lclVarNode->gtPrev;
bool isInsideTry = compCurBB->hasTryIndex();
bool canRemoveNullCheck = true;
constunsigned maxNodesWalked = 25;
unsigned nodesWalked = 0;

// First walk the nodes in the statement containing the indirection
// in reverse execution order starting with the indirection's
// predecessor.
while (canRemoveNullCheck && (currentTree != nullptr))
 {
if ((nodesWalked++ > maxNodesWalked) ||
 !optCanMoveNullCheckPastTree(currentTree, isInsideTry))
 {
 canRemoveNullCheck = false;
 }
else
 {
 currentTree = currentTree->gtPrev;
 }
 }

// Then walk the statement list in reverse execution order
// until we get to the statement containing the null check.
// We only need to check the side effects at the root of each statement.
 Statement* curStmt = compCurStmt->GetPrevStmt();
 currentTree = curStmt->GetRootNode();
while (canRemoveNullCheck && (currentTree != defParent))
 {
if ((nodesWalked++ > maxNodesWalked) ||
 !optCanMoveNullCheckPastTree(currentTree, isInsideTry))
 {
 canRemoveNullCheck = false;
 }
else
 {
 curStmt = curStmt->GetPrevStmt();
assert(curStmt != nullptr);
 currentTree = curStmt->GetRootNode();
 }
 }

if (canRemoveNullCheck)
 {
// Remove the null check
 nullCheckTree->gtFlags &= ~(GTF_EXCEPT | GTF_DONT_CSE);

// Set this flag to prevent reordering
 nullCheckTree->gtFlags |= GTF_ORDER_SIDEEFF;
 nullCheckTree->gtFlags |= GTF_IND_NONFAULTING;

 defRHS->gtFlags &= ~(GTF_EXCEPT | GTF_DONT_CSE);
 defRHS->gtFlags |=
 additionNode->gtFlags & (GTF_EXCEPT | GTF_DONT_CSE);

// Re-morph the statement.
fgMorphBlockStmt(compCurBB, curStmt DEBUGARG("optFoldNullCheck"));
 }
 }
 }
 }
 }
 }
 }
 }
 }
 }
 }
 }
}

//----------------------------------------------------------------
// optCanMoveNullCheckPastTree: Check if GT_NULLCHECK can be folded into a node that
// is after tree is execution order.
//
// Arguments:
// tree - The input GT_INDIR tree.
// isInsideTry - True if tree is inside try, false otherwise
//
// Return Value:
// True if GT_NULLCHECK can be folded into a node that is after tree is execution order,
// false otherwise.

boolCompiler::optCanMoveNullCheckPastTree(GenTree* tree, bool isInsideTry)
{
bool result = true;
if (isInsideTry)
 {
// We disallow calls, exception sources, and all assignments.
// Assignments to locals are disallowed inside try because
// they may be live in the handler.
if ((tree->gtFlags & GTF_SIDE_EFFECT) != 0)
 {
 result = false;
 }
 }
else
 {
// We disallow calls, exception sources, and assignments to
// global memory.
if (GTF_GLOBALLY_VISIBLE_SIDE_EFFECTS(tree->gtFlags))
 {
 result = false;
 }
 }
return result;
}