horizontal_projectile_motion.py

"""
Horizontal Projectile Motion problem in physics.

This algorithm solves a specific problem in which
the motion starts from the ground as can be seen below::

 (v = 0)
 * *
 * *
 * *
 * *
 * *
 * *
 GROUND GROUND

For more info: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projectile_motion
"""

# Importing packages
frommathimportradiansasangle_to_radians
frommathimportsin

# Acceleration Constant on Earth (unit m/s^2)
g=9.80665


defcheck_args(init_velocity: float, angle: float) ->None:
"""
 Check that the arguments are valid
 """

# Ensure valid instance
ifnotisinstance(init_velocity, (int, float)):
raiseTypeError("Invalid velocity. Should be a positive number.")

ifnotisinstance(angle, (int, float)):
raiseTypeError("Invalid angle. Range is 1-90 degrees.")

# Ensure valid angle
ifangle>90orangle<1:
raiseValueError("Invalid angle. Range is 1-90 degrees.")

# Ensure valid velocity
ifinit_velocity<0:
raiseValueError("Invalid velocity. Should be a positive number.")


defhorizontal_distance(init_velocity: float, angle: float) ->float:
r"""
 Returns the horizontal distance that the object cover

 Formula:
 .. math::
 \frac{v_0^2 \cdot \sin(2 \alpha)}{g}

 v_0 - \text{initial velocity}

 \alpha - \text{angle}

 >>> horizontal_distance(30, 45)
 91.77
 >>> horizontal_distance(100, 78)
 414.76
 >>> horizontal_distance(-1, 20)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Invalid velocity. Should be a positive number.
 >>> horizontal_distance(30, -20)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Invalid angle. Range is 1-90 degrees.
 """
check_args(init_velocity, angle)
radians=angle_to_radians(2*angle)
returnround(init_velocity**2*sin(radians) /g, 2)


defmax_height(init_velocity: float, angle: float) ->float:
r"""
 Returns the maximum height that the object reach

 Formula:
 .. math::
 \frac{v_0^2 \cdot \sin^2 (\alpha)}{2 g}

 v_0 - \text{initial velocity}

 \alpha - \text{angle}

 >>> max_height(30, 45)
 22.94
 >>> max_height(100, 78)
 487.82
 >>> max_height("a", 20)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 TypeError: Invalid velocity. Should be a positive number.
 >>> horizontal_distance(30, "b")
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 TypeError: Invalid angle. Range is 1-90 degrees.
 """
check_args(init_velocity, angle)
radians=angle_to_radians(angle)
returnround(init_velocity**2*sin(radians) **2/ (2*g), 2)


deftotal_time(init_velocity: float, angle: float) ->float:
r"""
 Returns total time of the motion

 Formula:
 .. math::
 \frac{2 v_0 \cdot \sin (\alpha)}{g}

 v_0 - \text{initial velocity}

 \alpha - \text{angle}

 >>> total_time(30, 45)
 4.33
 >>> total_time(100, 78)
 19.95
 >>> total_time(-10, 40)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 ValueError: Invalid velocity. Should be a positive number.
 >>> total_time(30, "b")
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
 TypeError: Invalid angle. Range is 1-90 degrees.
 """
check_args(init_velocity, angle)
radians=angle_to_radians(angle)
returnround(2*init_velocity*sin(radians) /g, 2)


deftest_motion() ->None:
"""
 Test motion

 >>> test_motion()
 """
v0, angle=25, 20
asserthorizontal_distance(v0, angle) ==40.97
assertmax_height(v0, angle) ==3.73
asserttotal_time(v0, angle) ==1.74


if__name__=="__main__":
fromdoctestimporttestmod

testmod()

# Get input from user
init_vel=float(input("Initial Velocity: ").strip())

# Get input from user
angle=float(input("angle: ").strip())

# Print results
print()
print("Results: ")
print(f"Horizontal Distance: {horizontal_distance(init_vel, angle)!s} [m]")
print(f"Maximum Height: {max_height(init_vel, angle)!s} [m]")
print(f"Total Time: {total_time(init_vel, angle)!s} [s]")